Edward Carter Kersey Gonner

“ As an economist Jones was strongly opposed to the deductive method of Ricardo and others. In his chief work, ‘An Essay on the Distribution of Wealth and on the Sources of Taxation, Part I., Rent,’ London, 1831, 8vo, he devotes himself to a hostile criticism of their method and an attempt to supersede their investigations by one more thoroughly inductive. ”

“ The whole colony was roused to excitement by the arrival (11 June 1849) of the Hashemy with convicts on board. The convicts were landed and sent to the up-country districts. Fitzroy reported their objections, but declared that he would firmly resist coercion. Fortunately, Lord Grey yielded the point. In 1850 Fitzroy was appointed governor-general of Australia, and soon afterwards the Port Phillip district was separated into the independent colony of Victoria. Upon the discovery of gold Fitzroy steadily pressed on the home authorities the advisability of establishing a mint at Sydney. ”

“ The Wakefield system, upon which the colony was supposed to be founded, aimed at an equality between the labourers emigrating and the demand for their services. Gawler, by undertaking large public works, concentrated the labourers in Adelaide, and prevented the settlers from obtaining their aid. A consequent diminution in the sources of revenue accompanied an increase in expenditure. By the end of 1840 the financial position of the colony looked critical, and the home government dishonoured Gawler's drafts. ”

“ In 1839 he married, and the next year ill-health led him to migrate to New Zealand. He settled at Wellington, and soon became conspicuous by advocating the cause of the settlers who had purchased land under the New Zealand Company. ”

“ Leaving the police he became a horsebreaker, and in 1862 married a Miss Park. In 1864 he received some 7,000l. on his father's death, and in 1865 was elected to the colonial House of Assembly as a member for the district of Victoria. He was an occasional speaker in the house, but did not retain his seat long. In 1867 he migrated to Victoria and opened a livery stable at Ballarat. During this period of his life he was noted as an adventurous steeplechaser. In 1869 he went to Melbourne, and, with the desire of getting free from the associations of the turf, determined to settle at New Brighton. ”

“ Here his energy speedily displayed itself in the vigorous organisation of his diocese and the advancement of catholic interest. In the course of his labours he made himself conspicuous for the zeal with which he opposed the institution of the system of free, compulsory, and secular education, urging, though in vain, the need of endowing the catholic schools. In 1876 he received the pallium as archbishop of Melbourne. He died on 11 June 1886 at Brighton, near Melbourne. ”

“ In the time of excitement consequent on the gold discoveries he supported the administration. He was firm in resisting the monopoly claims of the squatters to the land, serving on the land commission in 1854, though at an earlier period (1847) he had applied for a squatting allotment himself. ”

“ Young Fawkner became a sawyer by trade, but was punished for helping some escaping convicts in 1814, and retired to Sydney. He returned in 1817, and appears to have practised all possible callings. He was a baker, farmer, and bookseller. He left Hobart and went north to Launceston (1819) , where he took an hotel, and then in 1829 undertook the ‘Launceston Advertiser,’ changing its name to ‘Tasmanian Advertiser.’ He started a coach in 1832, practised as a bush lawyer, and opened some assembly-rooms. ”

“ His work is valuable in itself, but condemnation of Ricardo is often based on misinterpretation, while proofs advanced by Jones to show that Ricardo's principles solely apply to England, and do not hold good in other countries, fail to seriously impair the utility of Ricardo's treatise. Jones stands midway between Adam Smith and the modern school of historical economists. ”

“ In contradiction to Price he maintained that enclosures resulted from the increase in population. As an economist he is wanting in originality. His merits as a statistician consist chiefly in the miscellaneous information which he brought together. ”

“ Disorder reigned at the diggings, and disorganisation in the administration. He firmly repressed the former, which culminated in the outbreak at the Eureka stockade on 3 Dec. 1854, and reorganised the colonial finances and the method of dealing with the crown lands. The anxieties and labours of his office proved too much for his health, and he died at Melbourne on 31 Dec. 1855. Hotham married on 10 Dec. 1853, Jane Sarah, widow of Hugh Holbech, esq., and daughter of Samuel Hood, second Lord Bridport.
[Melbourne Argus; G. W. Rusden's Hist. of Australia.] ”

“ From 1847 to 1853 he was governor of Jamaica, where he enjoyed a wide popularity. During the time of the discussion on the sugar duties, his despatches homeward were in favour of the maintenance of a protective or rather differential tariff (Jacob Omnium, A Third Letter to Lord Grey, with Despatches of Sir C. Grey) . He was inclined to promote the immigration of labour from Africa to Jamaica (Report of the Standing Committee of the Chamber of Commerce of Jamaica, 1847, p. 22) . He retired to England, and died at Tunbridge Wells, 1 June 1865. ”

“ Though unsuccessful, their action helped to bring about the final separation in 1850. Fawkner had already served in various capacities. In 1842 he was nominated on the market commission, and in the next year to a seat in the freshly constituted corporation. Fawkner was returned to the new council of Victoria as member for the counties of Dalhousie, Anglesea, and Talbot. When the constitution was remodelled in 1855 he preferred the council to the assembly. He took a leading part in protesting against the admission of convicts, and helped to found the Australian League of 1851. ”

“ The governor, Sir George Grey, opposing a scheme of constitution offered by Lord Grey, on the ground of probable difficulty with the Maoris, the Settlers' Constitutional Association, in which Featherston was prominent, was formed in 1849 to promote the measure. ”

“ In 1834 he became private secretary to Lord Auckland, first lord of the admiralty. The next year he was sent as commissioner, together with Lord Gosford and Sir Charles Grey, to Canada, to endeavour to allay the discontent then fast rising in the country. ”

“ In 1828 he made a tour through the United States, in 1830 he was admitted a notary, and in 1831 (20 June) he started on a voyage to Europe, where he made a prolonged stay. After visiting London he went for a short time to Paris. ”

“ He died in London on 16 Feb. 1858. He was twice married: first, on 11 March 1820, to Lady Mary Lennox, eldest daughter of the fourth Duke of Richmond, who died 7 Dec. 1847; secondly, on 11 Dec. 1855, to Margaret Gordon. ”

“ His other works are:
‘A few Remarks on the Proposed Commutation of Tithes,’ London, 1833, 8vo. ‘An Introductory Lecture on Political Economy, delivered at King's College, with a Syllabus of a Course of Lectures on the Wages of Labour,’ London, 1833, 8vo. ‘Remarks on the Government Bill for the Commutation of Tithes,’ London, 1836, 8vo. ‘Remarks on the manner in which the Tithe should be Assessed to the Poor's Rate,’ &c., London, 1838, 8vo. ‘A Letter to Sir R. Peel ... to exempt all Persons from being Assessed as Inhabitants to the Parochial Rates,’ London, 1840. ”

“ Augustin, and his father, by trade a saddler, took part in speculations which seriously hampered the education of his children. In 1808 he married Gertrude Amiot, and on 15 June 1809 his son François Xavier was born in Quebec. François' early education was obtained at a small town school kept by a Mr. Parent, but in a short time he came under the care of Mr. Perrault, who was an advocate of the system of Lancaster. Thence he passed at an early age into Mr. Perrault's office, having declined to take orders in the Roman church (‘je ne me sens pas appelé au sacerdoce’) . Leaving Mr. ”