Henry Snyder

“ Although New Jersey is forty-fifth in area and ninth in population, this state is sixth in the total value of manufactured goods, first in the manufacture of silk and silk goods, in the smelting and refining of copper, in the manufacture of oil cloth and linoleum and of sewing machines, second in the manufacture of chemicals, rubber goods, pottery, terra cotta, and fine clay products, and of paint and varnish, third in the manufacture of electrical machinery and supplies, and fourth in the manufacture of soap and gold and silver articles. ”

“ Poultry raising and the production of eggs are profitable. The poultry industry is especially extensive in Cumberland, Atlantic, and Ocean counties.
With the increase in the population of the cities the farm land of the state is growing in extent and value, but it is clear that more rapid growth is possible and desirable. The State Agricultural School at Rutgers College, with Its Experiment Station and practical courses of instruction, is doing much to improve agriculture in New Jersey. ”

“ The judicial power is vested in many courts, of which the principal are the court of errors and appeals, which is the highest court, court of chancery, supreme court, circuit court, and courts of common pleas or county courts. ”

“ New Jersey is rich in its facilities for recreation and recuperation. The long sea coast is one long line of attractive summer resorts, which are famous all over the world, while some places are pleasure and health resorts all the year round, and attractions of a different kind are found in abundance among the mountains, woods, lakes, and streams of the northern part of the state. ”

“ New Jersey is in the track of storms, which cross the continent from the west. The south and east winds blowing from the ocean toward the storm centers bring with them much moisture and insure the state an ample rainfall. ”

“ The Highlands, as well as the Appalachian zone, belong to the Appalachian region, but in New Jersey the term "Appalachian" is applied only to the region consisting of Kittatinny Mountain and Valley.
Relief map of New Jersey
The Highlands contain many irregular mountain masses, interspersed with fertile valleys, and much forest land. The zone contains, besides, many lakes, most of which are of glacial origin. The section is consequently one of great natural beauty, and is a popular resort for many who desire out-door recreation. There is much fertile farm land and land suitable for grazing. ”

“ New Jersey was tenth in population, and third in density of population, Rhode Island being first and Massachusetts second. The area of greatest density of population is the northeastern section, including Bergen, Hudson, Passaic, Essex, Union, and Middlesex counties, which with an area of 1018 square miles had a population of 2,112,933, or more than sixty-five per cent, of the total population of the state. ”

“ Hoboken is connected with the city of New York by the Hudson River tunnels and by ferries and with other cities of the state by many trolley lines. Its manufacturing industries include shipbuilding and repairing and the making of lead -xxiii- pencils, surveying and nautical instruments, marine engines and boilers, silk goods, furniture, and wall paper. Here is located the well-known Stevens Institute of Technology.
North of Hoboken and Jersey City are several cities and towns which are very important industrially and are rapidly growing in population. ”

“ Among the products are electrical lamps and appliances, woolen and worsted goods, colored labels, cream separators, chemicals, rubber goods, and iron and steel products. Besides being an attractive center for residences. Orange is a very productive industrial center. Its principal industry is the manufacture of hats. East Orange has long been famous because of its superior attractiveness for dwelling purposes and is filled with beautiful homes. While the high cost of land does not invite manufactures, several large industries are located here. ”

“ Formerly Newark and Jersey City drew their water from the Passaic River not far above the former city. This river was gradually so polluted by the sewage and the waste of factories discharged into it, that it had to be abandoned as a source of supply. These cities now bring their water long distances, Newark using the Pequannock basin, and Jersey City the Rockaway. In some cases water is obtained from artesian wells.
The pollution of streams by city sewers and drains from factories destroys fish in fresh-water streams. ”

“ Among the most important manufactures of New Jersey are refined copper, silk and silk goods, foundry and machine shop products, petroleum products, packed meats, woolen and felt goods, wire, leather and leather goods, electrical machinery, tobacco manufactures, chemicals, and ships. (See Table II for other manufactures.)
Nearly one sixth of the people of the state are engaged in the manufacturing industries. Only four states, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire, show a larger proportion of workers engaged in manufacturing. ”

“ For many years lumbering was an important industry, but it ceased a long time ago, after the best timber had been cut down. In the northern part of the state, where agriculture is difficult or impossible, the mountains are still covered with forests which promise to be of great value in the future. In the southern part, the -x- section called "The Pines" is covered with stunted pines mingled with scrub oak. In all parts of the state are isolated forested areas of varied extent. About forty per cent of the total land surface of the state is covered with forest growth. ”

“ Hats are also extensively manufactured. South Orange and Summit are most attractive residential places, and are developing rapidly along this line rather than in the line of manufactures. Summit has an important silk industry. Irvington, while long known as a town devoted to residences, is feeling the industrial impulse of Newark, of which it is a suburb, and is rapidly becoming a manufacturing center of great importance. Its industries are varied and include the production of castings, graphite products, tools, cutlery, and gold, silver, and platinum products. ”

“ Formerly water for such purposes was obtained from near-by springs, wells, and streams. As population increased, the local sources of water supply became contaminated and dangerous to health. This danger and the larger quantity of water required by the increased population and by manufacturing interests have forced the larger cities to make provision for securing their water supply from sources, more or less remote, which are not subject to pollution. ”

“ The rock on which the man stands is at the intersection of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New York boundaries
New Jersey lies between 73° 55′ and 75° 32′ west longitude and between 38° 56′ and 41° 21′ north latitude. Its northernmost point is marked by a rock on the shore of the Delaware River just south of Port Jervis, New York, known as Tri-States Rock. From this point to Cape May the length of the state is 166 miles. Its narrowest part, between Trenton and Raritan Bay, is 335 miles wide. Its widest part, measured on a line extending northwest from Great Egg Inlet, is 57 miles wide. ”

“ Other important industries are the refining of gold, silver, copper, and lead, the preparation of vaseline, boat building, the shipping of coal, and the manufacture of cigars, insulated wire, chemicals, and steel products. It is the fourth city in the state in the value of manufactured products. ”

“ They are all exceptionally active in providing educational facilities. They are all closely connected with Newark and the city of New York by many railroad and trolley lines. In most of them land is in such demand for residential purposes, that it cannot be used profitably for manufacturing purposes, so that this industry is naturally discouraged. In some of them, however, especially those nearest to Newark, large industrial establishments have grown up. ”

“ The northern mountainous section, which is not specially profitable for agriculture and other purposes, is particularly useful in furnishing sources of water supply. The many large cities in the northern part of the state draw their water from the upper parts of the Hackensack, Passaic, and Raritan basins. ”

“ The better grades of pottery require the finer clays which are obtained from England, France, and some states of this country. It manufactures more sanitary earthenware than any other city in the country. ”

“ The most important products are sugar, printers' type, soaps and perfumes, meats, silks and embroideries, graphite products, lead pencils, tobacco, cigars, iron, steel and brass products, fire hose, rubber goods, soups, watches, chemicals, electrical supplies, heating and lighting apparatus, rope, and paints and varnishes. ”

“ In the valleys and on the hills north of the terminal moraine the soil consists largely of glacial drift, which is composed of clay, sand, and gravel mixed with bowlders. This soil is fertile, but a large part of it is not easy to cultivate, because of the large stones in It and because of the rugged surface. ”

“ It has a climate favorable to those who are convalescing from illness or seek to recuperate their health. On this account it is a popular resort during the entire year. It has a superior school system and all the other facilities and institutions which mark the progressive city. Long Branch, farther north, is the oldest resort on the coast. Another resort of many years standing is Cape May City. Other well-known resorts are Ocean City, Point Pleasant, Sea Girt, Manasquan, Spring Lake, Belmar, Ocean Grove, Asbury Park, Sea Bright, and Atlantic Highlands. ”

“ The general assembly is composed of sixty assemblymen apportioned among the counties according to population and elected by the voters for one year. The executive power is vested in the governor, who is elected for a term of three years. A person cannot be governor for two successive terms. ”

“ Electrical motors and generators, surgical appliances, electrical appliances, machinery, lamps, and hats are manufactured in large quantities. West Orange is noted for the manufacture of phonographs, phonograph records, moving picture instruments and films, and storage batteries. ”

“ Other extensive industries are foundries, machine shops, woolen mills, chemical works, factories for the manufacture of cigars, paints, candies, leather, licorice, linoleum, writing pens, and the preparation of soups. ”

“ These are West Hoboken, Union, West New York, North Bergen, Weehawken, Guttenberg, and Secaucus. These are all populous and thriving communities. There are many valuable industries, among which the manufacture of silks and embroideries is the most important. ”

“ The most extensive are the manufacture of talking machines and shipbuilding. Here the largest battleships and merchant vessels can be built. One of the shipbuilding plants is the largest in the country. ”

“ Animals.—The larger wild animals have practically disappeared, although the red deer is still frequently found in the northern and southern parts of the state because of the protection afforded this animal by the laws. ”

“ In this industry it stands first among the cities of the country. It has many other extensive industrial plants, which include machine shops, foundries, rolling mills, locomotive works, dyeing establishments, and thread and cordage mills. ”