J. Knox Jones

“ Remarks.—Apodemus peninsulae sowerbyi is named in honor of the late Arthur de Carle Sowerby whose collections of mammals from North China and Manchuria have added so much to our meager knowledge of that part of the world.
Four specimens from Hsin-lung-shan, 65 mi. NE Peking, here assigned to sowerbyi, are darker dorsally than mice from farther to the west and in this respect may show approach to A. p. praetor. In all other features, however, they closely resemble the new subspecies. ”

“ The pelage of adults varies depending on season. In summer the individual hairs are relatively short (5-6 mm. at the middle of the back) and sparse. The over-all color of the dorsum, sides and flanks is brownish to dark brownish, and the venter is grayish. In winter the pelage is dense, long (8-9 mm. at the middle of the back) and lax. The over-all color dorsally in fresh winter pelage in most specimens is paler (more buffy) than summer pelage, the sides are markedly buffy, and the venter is whitish; even the tail is more pilose and more sharply bicolored than in summer. ”

“ Comparisons.—From Sturnira ludovici ludovici, the only other subspecies of the species, S. l. occidentalis differs in averaging smaller in most external and cranial dimensions (in some measurements the upper size limits of occidentalis barely overlap the lower limits in specimens of ludovici examined) , in having a relatively broader skull with a shorter, more abruptly elevated rostrum, and in being paler both dorsally and ventrally. ”

“ I have examined the specimen from Webster County referred to by Glass and agree that it is paradoxus. I have not seen the specimen from [Pg 485] 9 mi. NW of Lincoln; however, another specimen from there, two others from Lancaster County, and one from Seward County (see above) , are here referred to P. h. spilotus, rather than P. h. paradoxus, on the basis of notably darker dorsal coloration and smaller external and cranial measurements. The range of P. h. spilotus in Nebraska, as presently known, therefore, is limited to the eastern, more humid part of the State, south of the Platte River. ”

“ We have seen no specimens from Nicaragua that are identifiable as Molossus bondae, another relatively small species that has been reported from Greytown (Miller, 1913a:89) and from elsewhere in Central America by other authors (Goodwin, 1942c:145; Handley, 1966b:772; Gardner et al., 1970:727) . Our examination of the female holotype of M. bondae reveals that it is larger than M. molossus, corresponding in size to females recently reported from Costa Rica by Gardner et al. (loc. cit.) , and that bondae has dark-based hairs. The two males reported by Goodwin (loc. cit.) ”

“ The subspecies of P. fasciatus are most easily distinguished by color of pelage, in which there is a general cline from northeast (dark) to southwest (pale) . Cranially, the subspecies are less distinct. The skulls of P. f. callistus can be distinguished from those of the other subspecies by several differences; however, among the other four subspecies, only minor cranial differences are evident. Individual variation was found to be greater than secondary sexual variation.
Fig. 1. Distribution of the five subspecies of Perognathus fasciatus. Solid symbols represent specimens examined ”

“ Also, the first authentic record of Myotis lucifugus lucifugus is presented, along with additional information on previously reported species. A total number of 169 specimens from Nebraska was available for the present study. This includes almost all of the known specimens preserved in all collections as well as material obtained by us in the past six years.
Nebraska has no natural caves or caverns; however, there are two extensive man-made limestone caves near Louisville, in Cass and Sarpy counties, where four kinds of bats have been found. Two of these are here reported as new to Nebraska. ”

“ However, the dorsal coloration of praetor is somewhat darker and duller than that of peninsulae, especially in summer pelage when praetor lacks the conspicuous bright ochraceous tinge of the Korean specimens. In addition, praetor has broader zygomatic plates with correspondingly deeper zygomatic notches and the color on the face of the upper incisors averages much more orange than in peninsulae. [Pg 342]
In the north then, wood mice range from Korea and Manchuria westward at least as far as the Altai Mountains. ”

“ Howell (1914:31) earlier noted that specimens from northern and central Colorado were intergrades between the two subspecies.
The geographic range occupied by R. m. dychei (from east of the Mississippi River in Illinois and Wisconsin to the foothills of the Rockies) is large (although not so large as that currently ascribed to R. m. megalotis, which ranges from southern British Columbia to central México) . Most other small rodents that occur in the same geographic area occupied by dychei are represented there by at least two subspecies, a dark one in the east and a pale one in the west. ”

“ A pregnant female (crown-rump length of embryo 5 mm) was captured in a mist net set in a small banana grove on the south side of the Río Mico, El Recreo, 25 m, in the Caribbean lowlands, on 27 February 1968. This specimen provides the first record of the big yellow-eared bat from Nicaragua. The species was recently reported for the first time from Costa Rica (Gardner et al., 1970:721) ; it was characterized as uncommon in Panamá by Handley (1966b:767) . The one Costa Rican locality of record also is in the Caribbean versant. ”

“ Additional relict populations likely will be found in the eastern Great Plains.
The new subspecies is intermediate in some features between paludis and gossii. The type locality is separated from that of paludis (14 mi. SW Meade, Meade County, Kansas) by a distance of approximately 220 miles over habitats largely unsuitable for bog lemmings. The nearest locality of record for S. c. gossii to the east of the type locality of relictus is at Hunter, Mitchell County, Kansas (see Cockrum, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:196, 1952) , approximately 200 miles distant. ”

“ Analysis of Secondary Sexual Variation in Adult Reithrodontomys megalotis From the Southern Part of the Nebraska Panhandle. For Each Measurement, the Number of Specimens Used, the Average, the Extremes, and One Standard Deviation Are Given.
Pelage and Molt
Western harvest mice that attain adulthood acquire at least three distinct types of pelage in sequence in the course of their development. The first of these, the juvenal pelage, is short, relatively sparse, and characteristically grayish brown. ”

“ Remarks.—For comparisons with Perognathus fasciatus olivaceogriseus, geographically adjacent to the northeast, see account of that subspecies. From Perognathus fasciatus callistus, geographically adjacent to the southwest, P. f. litus differs in: Upper parts paler with no trace of olivaceous; hind foot shorter; skull, when specimens of equal age are compared, averaging smaller in all measurements taken (especially occipitonasal length, mastoidal breadth, length of tympanic bulla and cranial depth) , except interparietal breadth which is more. ”

“ W of Parks, Dundy County, in extreme southwestern Nebraska, provide the first record of occurrence of this subspecies in Nebraska. These animals were trapped in outlying sheds at the Rock Creek State Fish Hatchery. Two large wood-rat houses were in a dense thicket of brush and young trees in a small draw on the west side of the most westwardly hatchery lake. Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) inhabited a combination garage-storage barn at the hatchery and no wood rats were taken there. ”

“ Three general groups of the genus Apodemus are presently known to occur on the mainland of northeast Asia. One is the distinctive Apodemus agrarius, lone representative of the subgenus Apodemus. The others, both in the subgenus Sylvaemus and closely resembling each other, are represented by a small animal that is currently regarded as conspecific with Apodemus sylvaticus and a larger animal of which the Korean mouse, peninsulae, is representative. ”

“ One adult male (testes 5 mm) of this free-tailed bat from Potosí, 5 m, Chinandega, on the Cosigüina Peninsula, provides the only record of the genus Tadarida from Nicaragua. This specimen was netted after dark over a small stream that flowed into the Bay of Fonseca approximately 200 yards below our nets (see account of Noctilio leporinus) . Other species taken in the same net included Carollia subrufa, Sturnira lilium, Eptesicus furinalis, Molossus ater, and Molossus molossus.
Selected measurements of the male are: total length, 92 mm; length of tail, 31 mm; length of hind foot, 10 mm ”

“ The other man-made cave, known formerly as the National Stone Quarry, is one mile northeast of Louisville, Cass County. This quarry was abandoned in September, 1938, and until the winter of 1948-1949 had eight or nine entrances and two air shafts. It was approximately one-third square mile in area. All the openings to this quarry were covered in late 1949. Bats were first observed in the National Stone Quarry by one of us (Webb) as early as 1939, less than a year after operations in the quarry ceased.
METHODS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Records of Nebraskan bats are arranged in two categories ”

“ Specimens from the eastern part of the range of P. f. fasciatus are somewhat smaller and slightly darker than topotypes from Buford, North Dakota. Specimens from 9 mi. SE Bainville, Johnson Lake and 3 mi. S Medicine Lake, Montana, and from Crosby, North Dakota, are also paler than those from farther east. At the southern limit of the range of the subspecies, specimens from the Rosebud Agency and Minichaduza River, South Dakota, approach olivaceogriseus in pale dorsal coloration. ”

“ Adults molt, usually completely but occasionally only partially, at least twice a year—once in spring (in May and June in Nebraskan specimens) from winter to summer pelage, and once in autumn (in October and November in Nebraskan specimens) from summer to winter pelage. Of the two molts, the one in spring is most easily discernible because the contrast in color between worn winter pelage and fresh summer pelage is considerably greater than that between worn summer pelage and fresh winter pelage, and because the progress of spring molt is seemingly more regular than that of autumn molt. ”

“ Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave,
Nuevo León, México BY
J. KNOX JONES, JR.
Some of the Pleistocene mammals from San Josecito Cave, near Aramberri, Nuevo León, México, collected by field parties of the California Institute of Technology under the direction of the late Professor Chester Stock, have been reported previously (see Furlong, 1943; Cushing, 1945; Stock, 1950; Hooper, 1952; Findley, 1953; Stock, 1953; Handley, 1955; Jackway, 1958) . In 1950, Professor Stock loaned a portion of the San Josecito material to the University of Kansas for identification. ”