“ The chief constituent of the drug is kino-tannic acid, which is present to the extent of about 75%; it is only very slightly soluble in cold water. It is not absorbed at all from the stomach and only very slowly from the intestine. Other constituents are gum, pyrocatechin, and kinoin, a crystalline neutral principle. Kino-red is also present in small quantity, being an oxidation product of kino-tannic acid. The useful preparations of this drug are the tincture (dose 1/2–1 drachm) , and the pulvis kino compositus (dose 5–20 gr.) which contains one part of opium in twenty. ”