Alfred Russel Wallace

Name: The Geographical Distribution of Animals — Chapter 19—Amphibia.
Author: Alfred Russel Wallace

The Geographical Distribution of Animals… (1876)

Summary

“The Geographical Distribution of Animals — Chapter 19—Amphibia.”, published in 1876, is a work by Alfred Russel Wallace. It explores elements such as Neotropical, regions and species.

Quotes from The Geographical Distribution of Animals… (Alfred Russel Wallace)

Alfred Russel Wallace, The Geographical Distribution of Animals… (1876)

“ The Engystomidæ are Toads without neck-glands and with the tongue tied in front. They are most abundant in the Oriental and Neotropical regions, especially in the latter, which contains about half the known species, with isolated species in Australia, Africa, and the Southern States of North America. They appear to be the remnant of a once extensive and universally distributed group, which has maintained itself in two remote regions, but is dying out everywhere else. ”

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Alfred Russel Wallace, The Geographical Distribution of Animals… (1876)

“ By far the richest region is the Neotropical, possessing 16 families (four of them peculiar) and about 50 peculiar or very characteristic genera. Next comes the Australian, with 11 families (one of which is peculiar) and 16 peculiar genera. The Nearctic region has no less than 9 of the families (two of them peculiar to it) and 15 peculiar genera, 13 of which are tailed Batrachians which have here their metropolis. The other three regions have 9 families each; the Palæarctic has no peculiar family but no less than 15 peculiar genera; the Ethiopian 1 family and 12 genera peculiar to it ”

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Alfred Russel Wallace, The Geographical Distribution of Animals… (1876)

“ The Amphibia, as here enumerated, consist of 22 families, 152 genera, and nearly 700 species. Many of the families have a very limited range, only two (Ranidæ and Polypedatidæ) being nearly universal; five more extend each into five regions, while no less than thirteen of the families are confined to one, two, or three regions each. ”

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Alfred Russel Wallace, The Geographical Distribution of Animals… (1876)

“ Fossil Amphibia.—The extinct Labyrinthodontia form a separate order, which existed from the Carboniferous to the Triassic period. No other remains of this class are found till we reach the Tertiary formation, when Newts and Salamanders as well as Frogs and Toads occur, most frequently in the Miocene deposits. The most remarkable is the Andrias scheuchzeri from the Miocene of Œningen, which is allied to Sieboldia maxima the great salamander of Japan. ”

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Alfred Russel Wallace, The Geographical Distribution of Animals… (1876)

“ The Hylaplesidæ are Toads with perfect ears, and they seem to be confined to the Neotropical region. The only genus, Hylaplesia (5 sp.) , inhabits Brazil, Chili, and the Island of Hayti.
Family 10.—BUFONIDÆ. (6 Genera, 64 Species.)
The rather extensive family of the Bufonidæ, which includes our common Toad, and is characterised by prominent neck glands and tongue fixed in front, is almost universally distributed, but is very rare in the Australian region; one species being found in Celebes and one in Australia. The genera are:—
Kalophrynus (2 sp.) , Borneo ”

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Alfred Russel Wallace, The Geographical Distribution of Animals… (1876)

“ Cystignathus (22 sp.) , is mainly Neotropical, but has three species Ethiopian. All the other genera are confined to single regions. The Neotropical genera are:—Odontophrynus (1 sp.) , Pseudis (1 sp.) , Pithecopsis (1 sp.) , Ensophleus (1 sp.) , Limnocharis (1 sp.) , Hemiphractus (1 sp.) , all Tropical South American east of Andes; Ceratophrys (5 sp.) , Panama to La Plata; Cycloramphus (1 sp.) , West Ecuador and Chili; Pleurodema (6 sp.) , Venezuela to Patagonia; Leiuperus (12 sp.) , Mexico and St. Domingo to Patagonia; Hylorhina (1 sp.) , Chiloe. The Australian genera are:—Myxophyes (1 sp.) ”

Alfred Russel Wallace

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