Edward Knobel, The Fresh Water Fishes of New England and those ascending the streams from the sea… (1896)
“ Three spines on back, two of them being before the fin; also one spine in hind belly fin. Lives along the shore at the mouth of brooks and rivers. 52. The Black Stickleback. Gasterosteus wheatlandi. Three spines connected with the back fin. 53. The Slender Stickleback. Gasterosteus atkinsii. Length, one and one-half inches. Three spines connected with the back fin. Lives on the Maine coast. 54. The Four-Spined Stickleback. Apeltes quadracus. Length, two inches. Color, dark olive, mottled ; belly fins, red. Four spines in back fin and one in hind belly fin. ”
