Government of Japan

“ The trials and judgements of Courts shall be open to the public. Cases which threaten public order and peace or in which public morals are liable to be in danger, however may be closed to the public in accordance with law or by decision of the Court concerned. ”

“ The Emperor, in consequence of an urgent necessity of maintaining public safety or averting emergency calamities, shall be empowered to issue, with the approval of the Privy Council, when it is impossible to convene the Legislative Council, Imperial ordinances which shall have the force of law. Such Imperial ordinances, however, shall be reported at the following session of the Legislative Council. ”

“ The Emperor may, for the time being, issue Imperial ordinances or decrees possessing the relative force of law, fix the budgets or make contracts other than budgets which entail obligations on the National Treasury, with the approval of the Privy Council. ”