John Weeks Moore, Complete Encyclopaedia of Music… (1880)
“ When, therefore, a whole tone lies below any note marked for a beat, an accidental sharp is to be supposed on that lower note, except that A is seldom thus sharpened in a beat. The beat is, therefore, the reverse of the shake, (but without the turn,) and is made generally at the distance of a semitone below ; and all the notes, excepting C and F, re-quire the note below to be sharped for the beat. ”
