Joseph P. Bradley

“ It may be that this view of the law makes it conflict with the treaty, though Justice FIELD has shown strong reasons to the contrary; but whether it does so or not, I think it is the true construction, and the rule is now settled that congress may, by law, overrule a treaty stipulation; although, of course, it should not be done without strong reasons for it, and an act of congress should not be construed as having that effect unless such be its plain meaning. ”

“ By the twelfth section it is declared that no Chinese person shall be permitted to enter the United States by land without producing to the proper officer of customs the certificate required of those seeking to land from a vessel, showing that no exceptions were to be made, but that every one coming into the country, in whatever way, or by whatever route, must have a certificate. ”