Joseph P. Bradley

“ We think the words, 'officers or enlisted men in the regular or volunteer army or navy, or both,' were intended to include all men regularly in service in the army or navy; and that the expression, 'officers or enlisted men,' is not to be construed distributively, as requiring that a person should be an enlisted man, or an officer nominated and appointed by the president, or by the head of a department, but that it was meant to include all men in service, either by enlistment or regular appointment, in the army or navy. ”

“ That a midshipman is an officer has been understood ever since there was a navy. He is not one of the common seamen. His name indicates a middle position between that of a superior officer and that of the common seaman. ”

“ If the law designates a cadet as a midshipman, the designation is an official one. The qualification of cadet midshipman is used for the sake of distinction, to distinguish one kind of midshipman from another,-a midshipman at school from a midshipman aboard ship. ”