Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History… (1912)
“ Anti Horse Thief Association.—Shortly after the commencement of the Civil war, lawless men in the border states—that is the states lying between the loyal and seceded states—banded themselves together for the purpose of plundering honest citizens. Missouri especially was subject to the depredations of these gangs, and in time the conditions became so bad that the law-abiding people found it necessary to take some action for defense. The first organization of this character was proposed at a meeting held at Luray, Mo., in Sept., 1863. ”
