United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Name: CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Turkmenistan
Author: United States. Central Intelligence Agency

CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Turkmenistan (2004)

Summary

“CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Turkmenistan”, published in 2004, is a work by United States. Central Intelligence Agency. It explores elements such as Turkmenistan, Mejlis and gas.

Quotes from CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Turkmenistan (United States. Central Intelligence Agency)

United States. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Turkmenistan (2004)

“ Privatization goals remain limited. In 1998-2003, Turkmenistan suffered from the continued lack of adequate export routes for natural gas and from obligations on extensive short-term external debt. At the same time, however, total exports rose by 38% in 2003, largely because of higher international oil and gas prices. Overall prospects in the near future are discouraging because of widespread internal poverty, the burden of foreign debt, and the unwillingness of the government to adopt market-oriented reforms. ”

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Source: Wikisource

United States. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Turkmenistan (2004)

“ Economy Turkmenistan Economy - overview: Turkmenistan is largely desert country with intensive agriculture in irrigated oases and large gas and oil resources. One-half of its irrigated land is planted in cotton, making it at one time the world's tenth-largest producer. Poor harvests in recent years have led to a nearly 46% decline in cotton exports. With an authoritarian ex-Communist regime in power and a tribally based social structure, Turkmenistan has taken a cautious approach to economic reform, hoping to use gas and cotton sales to sustain its inefficient economy. ”

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Source: Wikisource

United States. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Turkmenistan (2004)

“ However, Turkmenistan's cooperation with the international community in transporting humanitarian aid to Afghanistan may foreshadow a change in the atmosphere for foreign investment, aid, and technological support. Turkmenistan's economic statistics are state secrets, and GDP and other figures are subject to wide margins of error. ”

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Source: Wikisource

United States. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Turkmenistan (2004)

“ President NIYAZOV retains absolute control over the country and opposition is not tolerated. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves could prove a boon to this underdeveloped country if extraction and delivery projects were to be expanded. The Turkmenistan Government is actively seeking to develop alternative petroleum transportation routes in order to break Russia's pipeline monopoly. ”

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Source: Wikisource

United States. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Turkmenistan (2004)

“ Labor force: 2.34 million (1996) Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 48%, industry 15%, services 37% (1998 est.) Unemployment rate: NA Budget: revenues: $3.477 billion
expenditures: $3.908 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.) Agriculture - products: cotton, grain; livestock Industries: natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing Industrial production growth rate: 14% (2003 est.) ”

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Source: Wikisource

United States. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Turkmenistan (2004)

“ Legislative branch: under the 1992 constitution, there are two parliamentary bodies, a unicameral People's Council or Halk Maslahaty (supreme legislative body of up to 2,500 delegates, some of which are elected by popular vote and some of which are appointed; meets at least yearly) and a unicameral Parliament or Mejlis (50 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
election results: Mejlis - DPT 100% ”

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Source: Wikisource

United States. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Turkmenistan (2004)

“ People's Council - last held in April 2003; Mejlis - last held 19 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009) Judicial branch: Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president) Political parties and leaders: Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or DPT [Saparmurat NIYAZOV]
note: formal opposition parties are outlawed; unofficial, small opposition movements exist underground or in foreign countries; the two most prominent opposition groups-in-exile have been Gundogar and Erkin ”

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Source: Wikisource

United States. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Turkmenistan (2004)

“ Population growth rate: 1.81% (2004 est.) Birth rate: 27.82 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) Death rate: 8.82 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) Net migration rate: -0.86 migrant (s) /1,000 population (2004 est.) ”

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Quotes from CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Turkmenistan (United States. Central Intelligence Agency)

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