Unknown

“ In a moral sense: pret. subj. þæt þǣr ǣnig mon wǣre ne brǣce, _that no one should break the agreement_, 1101; pret. part. þonne bīoð brocene ... āð-sweord eorla, _then are the oaths of the men broken_, 2064.--2) probably also simply _to break in upon something, to press upon_, w. acc.: pret. sg. sǣdēor monig hildetūxum heresyrcan bræc, _many a sea-animal pressed with his battle-teeth upon the shirt of mail_ (did not break it, for, according to 1549 f., 1553 f., it was still unharmed) . ”

“ Parallelisms and parallel passages are constantly compared, with the view of making the poem illustrate and explain itself. A few emendations and textual changes are suggested by the editors with all possible diffidence; numerous corrections have been made in the Glossary and List of Names; and the valuable parts of former Appendices have been embodied in the Notes.
For the Notes, the editors are much indebted to the various German periodicals mentioned on page 116, to the recent publications of Professors Earle and J. L. Hall, to Mr. S. A. Brooke, and to the Heyne-Socin edition of "Bēowulf." ”

“ Æ æðele, adj., _noble_: nom. sg., of Bēowulf, 198, 1313; of Bēowulf's father, 263, where it can be understood as well in a moral as in a genealogical sense; the latter prevails decidedly in the gen. sg. æðelan cynnes, 2235.
æðeling, st. m., _nobleman, man of noble descent_, especially the appellation of a man of royal birth; so of the kings of the Danes, 3; of Scyld, 33; of Hrōðgār, 130; of Sigemund, 889; of Bēowulf, 1226, 1245, 1597, 1816, 2189, 2343, 2375, 2425, 2716, 3136; perhaps also of Dæghrefn, 2507;--then, in a broader sense, also denoting other noble-born men: Æschere, 1295 ”

“ Heardrēd is called Hererīces nefa, 2207. Nothing further is known of him.
Het-ware or Franks, in alliance with the Frisians and the Hūgas, conquer Hygelāc, king of the Gēatas, 2355, 2364 ff., 2917.
Healf-dene (gen. Healfdenes, 189, etc.) , son of Bēowulf, the Scylding (57) ; rules the Danes long and gloriously (57 f.) ; has three sons, Heorogār, Hrōðgār, and Hālga (61) , and a daughter, Elan, who, according to the renewed text of the passage, was married to the Scylfing, Ongenþēow, 62, 63.
Heard-rēd (dat. Heardrēde, 2203, 2376) , son of Hygelāc, king of the Gēatas, and Hygd. ”

“ In the preparation of the present school edition it has been thought best to omit Heyne's notes, as they concern themselves principally with conjectural emendations, substitutions of one reading for another, and discussions of the condition of the Ms. Until Wülker's text and the photographic fac-simile of the original Ms. are in the hands of all scholars, it will be better not to introduce such matters in the school room, where they would puzzle without instructing. ”

“ The dat. pl., fyrenum, is used adverbially in the sense of _maliciously_, 1745, or _fallaciously_, with reference to Hæðcyn's killing Herebeald, which was done unintentionally, 2442.
firen-dǣd, st. f., _wicked deed_: acc. pl. fyren-dǣda, 1670; instr. pl. fyren-dǣdum, 1002; both times of Grendel and his mother, with reference to their nocturnal inroads.
firen-þearf, st. f., _misery through the malignity of enemies_: acc. sg. fyren-þearfe, 14. ”

“ No doubt the editors are wrong themselves in many places,-"Bēowulf" is a most difficult poem,-but their view may at least be defended by a reference to the original text, which they have faithfully and constantly consulted. ”

“ See weorc.
word, st. n.: 1) _word, speech_: nom. sg., 2818; acc. sg. þæt word, 655, 2047; word, 315, 341, 390, 871, 2552; instr. sg. worde, 2157; gen. sg. wordes, 2792; nom. pl. þā word, 640; word, 613; acc. pl. word (of an alliterative song) , 871; instr. pl, wordum, 176, 366, 627, 875, 1101, 1173, 1194, 1319, 1812, etc.; ge-saga him wordum (_tell them in words, expressly_) , 388. The instr. wordum accompanies biddan, þancian, be-wægnan, secgan, hērgan, to emphasize the verb, 176, 627, 1194, 2796, 3177; gen. pl. worda, 289, 398, 2247, 2263 (?) ”

“ See talian.
tellan, w. v., _to tell, consider, deem_: pret. sg. nē his līf-dagas lēoda ǣnigum nytte tealde (_nor did he count his life useful to any man_) , 795; þæt ic mē ǣnigne under swegles begong ge-sacan ne tealde (_I believed not that I had any foe under heaven_) , 1774; cwæð hē þone gūð-wine gōdne tealde (_said he counted the war-friend good_) , 1811; hē ūsic gār-wīgend gōde tealde (_deemed us good spear-warriors_) , 2642; pl. swā (_so that_) hine Gēata beam gōdne ne tealdon, 2185.--2) _to ascribe, count against, impose_: pret. sg. ”

“ Hengestes hēap hringum wenede (_sh. honor_) , 1092.
be- (bi-) wenian, _entertain, care for, attend_: pret. sg. mæg þæs þonne of-þyncan þēoden Heaðo-beardna ... þonne hē mid fǣmnan on flet gǣð, dryht-bearn Dena duguða bi-wenede (_may well displease the prince of the H.... when he with the woman goes into the hall, that a noble scion of the Danes should entertain, bear wine to, the knights_, cf. 494 seqq.; or, _a noble scion of the Danes should attend on her?_) , 2036; pret. part. nom. pl. wǣron hēr tela willum be-wenede, 1822. ”

“ Verses_, l. 22; etc.
l. 4. "Scild of the Sheaf, not 'Scyld the son of Scaf'; for it is too inconsistent, even in myth, to give a patronymic to a foundling. According to the original form of the story, Scēaf was the foundling; he had come ashore with a sheaf of corn, and from that was named. This form of the story is preserved in Ethelwerd and in William of Malmesbury. But here the foundling is Scyld, and we must suppose he was picked up with the sheaf, and hence his cognomen."--E., p. 105. Cf. ”