Summary

Yosef Karo Shulchan Aruch — Choshen Mishpat 15

Once improper courts without perceptive judges were on the rise, they agreed that they will not flip an oath other than with a clear proof and they will not ruin one’s rights from a document based on the testimony of a woman or relative, even if the judge trusts them. Similarly, we do not extract money from orphans unless we have complete proof. We do not rely on the view of the judge or an evaluation of the deceased or the plaintiff.
Source: Wikisource

Yosef Karo Shulchan Aruch — Choshen Mishpat 15

If it is clear to the judge that the defendant is liable, he must find him liable if the judge is an expert and unique in his generation. Using this method, a judge can tell the defendant that he will not grant him time to bring support to his case until he provides a deposit as security because a judge only needs to concern himself with what he can see. A judge can even force a party to swear in a situation where is not obligated to do so by law, if it is done to discover the truth.
Source: Wikisource

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