Augustus Robert Buckland

“ JACKSON, JOHN (1811–1885) , bishop successively of Lincoln and of London, the son of Henry Jackson of Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, and afterwards of London, was born in London on 22 Feb. 1811. He was educated under Dr. Valpy at Reading, and became scholar of Pembroke College, Oxford, in 1829. In 1833 he came out in the first class in the honour school of lit. human., a class which also contained the names of Charles John, afterwards Earl Canning, Henry George Liddell, afterwards dean of Christ Church, Robert Scott, afterwards dean of Rochester, and Robert Lowe, afterwards Lord Sherbrooke. ”

“ The work grew under Ms care, and the influence of his example was felt beyond the limits of his own mission. He returned home in impaired health in 1882, and was appointed to the rectory of Framlingham, Suftblk. He had, however, resigned the living and was preparing for a return to Delhi when he was offered the bishopric in Japan. He was consecrated and sailed for his diocese in 1886. The same powers shown at Delhi were even more conspicuously displayed in the organisation of the Nippon Sei Kokwai, the native Japan church of the Anglican communion. ”

“ Chalmers spent ten years in this comparatively quiet field of work. Soon in charge of the mission, he pursued a policy of moral reform, cultivated a missionary spirit amongst the more devoted natives, and was diligent in work at the institution for the training of native teachers. His methods, characteristic and unconventional, drew some criticism from his colleagues, but endeared him to the people. His bold spirit sought, however, severer experience. In 1876 Chalmers was appointed to New Guinea, where work amongst the savages had been begun in 1871. ”

“ He was educated at Nottingham, where, from the sobriety of his ways, the boys called him ‘good man.’ His parents wished him to be apprenticed in London, but he preferred remaining at Nottingham, where he married Millicent, daughter of John Reyner, sometime fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He appears to have prospered in business, and to have been remarkable from childhood for his consistent piety. ”

“ At fourteen he was apprenticed to a trade; but, resolving to be a missionary, he was received into the Church Missionary Society's preparatory institution at Reading in 1872, and into its college at Islington two years later. In 1876 he was ordained deacon by the bishop of London, married, and sailed for the Church Missionary Society's mission at Lagos, West Africa. In the following year he was invalided home, and in 1878 was appointed to the society's New Zealand mission. In 1879 he was admitted to priest's orders by the bishop of Waiapu, New Zealand. ”

“ Clewer found in Carter a zealous in- cumbent bent on social as well as ecclesiastical reform. He restored the services and the fabric of the church, steadily developing the ritual used and the doctrine taught. Though his zeal and personal charm won over most of the people, his ritual changes bred opposition, which in time produced appeals to the law. In March 1849, moved by the example of John Armstrong, bishop of Grahamstown, and by facts observed in his own parish, Carter founded the House of Mercy at Clewer for the rescue of fallen women. ”

“ Pebody brought to his work quick intelligence, unfailing industry, and high spirits; a singularly wide knowledge of literature and affairs, great organising power, and a marked capacity for making friends. ”

“ Chester, police magistrate of Thursday Island, in 1883 took formal possession of south-east New Guinea as a kind of appendage to Queensland. The reputation of the colony in dealing with native labour was not good ; and Chalmers went to Australia in the hope of serving the interests of his people. Opponents called him the 'tyrant missionary,' but his visit had good effect. A protectorate was proclaimed by Commodore Erskine at Port Moresby in November 1884, Chalmers and Lawes helping to bring the New Guinea chiefs together for the ceremony there and at other points. ”

“ At the age of fourteen he came up to London, and entered a lawyer's office, but soon found work as a reporter, and afterwards joined the staff of the ‘Chelmsford Chronicle.’ At the age of twenty-one he was appointed editor of the ‘Barnstaple Times.’ From Barnstaple he moved to Exeter as editor of the ‘Flying Post,’ and from Exeter to Bristol as editor of the ‘Bristol Times and Mirror.’ It was while at Bristol that Pebody obtained in 1875 the prize of 50l. ”

“ BROWNE, EDWARD HAROLD (1811–1891) , successively bishop of Ely and Winchester, born on 6 March 1811 at Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, was son of Colonel Robert Browne of Morton House in Buckinghamshire, who came of an Anglo-Irish family, claiming descent from Sir Anthony Browne [q. v.] His mother was Sarah Dorothea, daughter of Gabriel Steward {d. 1792) of Nottington and Melcombe, Dorset. Browne was educated at Eton and at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. ”

“ The church congress, hitherto excluded from the diocese, met at Birmingham in 1893, when the bishop announced his assent to the division of his diocese, and his willingness to contribute to the stipend of the new see 500l. a year from the income of Worcester. This was afterwards made contingent on his being allowed to give up Hartlebury Castle, to which the ecclesiastical commissioners refused consent. Attacked in the Birmingham press for his action in the matter in 1896, Perowne was presented with an address of approval by 60 beneficed clergy of three rural deaneries. ”

“ In his ecclesiastical views Garbett moved with the evangelical party, whose cause he championed with unfailing vigour. A clever but candid controversialist, widely esteemed in his own circle, he was one of the many men whose friends have anticipated for them honours they never attained. ”

“ Returning to London, he was appointed by the London Society for Promoting Christianity amongst the Jews principal of its missionary college and minister of the Jews' Episcopal Chapel, Cambridge Heath, but accepted in 1882 the vicarage of Hungarton with Twyford and Thorpe Satchville, Leicestershire. In 1884 he opened at Cambridge a hostel, Ayerst Hall, designed to aid men of modest means in obtaining a university degree and theological training. He resigned his living in 1886, but served as curate of Newton, Cambridgeshire, from 1888 to 1890, and continued his work at Ayerst Hall until 1897. ”

“ He favoured all reasonable measures of church reform; laboured hard to secure Welsh-speaking clergy for Welsh and bi-lingual parishes; promoted the provision of services in Welsh for Welsh residents in English towns; and was one of the first as well as warmest supporters of the movement for promoting higher education in Wales. In August 1888 Hughes was struck with paralysis while at Crieff in Perthshire. He never rallied, and died there on 21 Jan. 1889. Hughes married in 1832 Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas McKenny, and widow of Captain Gun, by whom he had three sons and five daughters. ”

“ In 1870 H. P. Liddon [q. v.] became canon, and in 1871 R. W. Church [q. v. Suppl. I] was made dean. With them Gregory worked in fullest harmony for the attainment of Church's purpose, to set St. Paul's in order, as the great English cathedral, before the eyes of the country ' (Life and Letters of Dean Church, p. 200) . As treasurer of the cathedral he negotiated with the ecclesiastical commission the arrangement of the cathedral finances which helped to make reform possible. The changes made were not universally welcomed, but Gregory was unmoved by criticism. ”

“ The conference hall at Mildmay grew in time to be the centre of many permanent organisations for home and foreign mission work. Early in 1873 Pennefather's health failed, and he died suddenly on 30 April.
Few clergymen have exercised a wider personal influence than Pennefather. As a mission preacher he was known all over England. He was one of the few clergy who have been equally active and equally successful in both evangelistic and pastoral work. Pennefather was the author of several hymns of much beauty, and of many separately issued sermons. ”

“ In 1863 the vicar of Leeds gave him the perpetual curacy of Bramley, Leeds; and in 1873, on the appointment of J. R. Woodford [q. v.] to the see of Ely, Gott was chosen by the crown his successor as vicar of Leeds. The appointment gave satisfaction from the intimate association of the Gott family with the commercial life of the city, and was amply justified by Gott's work. He started a church extension movement, with the result that, during his twelve years at Leeds, eight new churches were consecrated and the building of four others begun; he founded in 1875 Leeds clergy school ”

“ He was ordained in 1641, and preferred to a living in Dorsetshire, worth about 100l. a year. This sum he spent upon his parishioners, supplying his own wants out of a small private income. He was also collated to a prebend in Exeter Cathedral, in which he was reinstated at the Restoration. A conviction that the church stood in urgent need of reform induced him to take steps distasteful to his parishioners, and, after much solicitation, he accepted the less valuable living of Sherborne. ”