M.J. Paulsen; David C. Hawks, A review of the primary types of the Hawaiian stag beetle genus Apterocyclus Waterhouse…
“ The male genitalia of all species are more or less uniform and not useful for delineating species. Even with the variability within species and lack of distinct male genitalia, we have identified five species that are supported by clear and consistent morphological differences. Although we believe [3] work on other lucanids to be more competent than his near contemporaries, we found that he was too conservative when he synonymized some of Sharp’s species under Apterocyclus honoluluensis. ”
