Augustus Choate Hamlin

“ For the perfection of the rainbow-play of hues, it is essential that the facets of the superior and inferior parts of the stone should correspond in exact proportions, and stand at fixed distances, so as to multiply the reflections and refractions, and produce the colors of the prismatic spectrum. All limpid and white gems must be cut according to this rule, but with colored stones the case is different, for here perfection of color is to be attained, and brilliancy is a secondary consideration. Hence, a fine ruby or sapphire may be decidedly thin, and yet be a gem of great beauty and value. ”

“ The process of cutting the diamond is divided by the Jews into several distinct branches, and workmen are educated to perform one part but not another. Thus the cleaving, the cutting, and the polishing, have special operators, who become expert in performing well the parts assigned to them, without attempting the others. This course has undoubtedly produced skillful workmen, but we see no reason why all the parts may not be perfectly acquired by an intelligent mechanic. The art of cleavage, however, requires tact, and ought to include some knowledge of mineralogy. ”

“ At first but two or three men were employed, but, after the discovery of the South African diamond-mines, the rough gems soon furnished abundant material, and now several men and boys are constantly employed, with the aid of steam-power. ”