“ MAN, a collective term for the human species. Since the middle of the 19th century there has been a growing tendency to refer all the sciences relating to man to one comprehensive science, Anthropology. ”

“ It is known, therefore, that man lived in Europe during a period when that country had a tropical climate. But geological deposits on top of the remains of tropical animals and man's tools contain the remains of arctic animals, like the musk ox, reindeer, and white fox. Man, therefore, hunted the tropical lion and elephant in England, Spain, and France before he hunted the arctic reindeer and white fox. ”

“ Huxley's classification of mankind is into the Australoid, Negroid, Mongoloid, Xanthochroic, and Melanchroic races.
Tools distinguish man from other animals, and so where tools are found in geological strata and debris it is known that man must have been. The earliest tools were flaked stones and cracked bones. All flaked stones and cracked bones, however, may not be tools. Some of the flaked stones, for example, may have been produced by action of fire. Man is the only animal which uses fire, of course, but then fire may exist without the agency of man. ”