Griffithes Wheeler Thatcher, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 14… (1911)
“ He studied history, law and theology, and became a vizier as his father had been before him, but was deposed for heresy, and spent the rest of his life quietly in the country. In legal matters he belonged first to the Shāfiʽite school, but came to adopt the views of the Zāhirites, who admitted only the external sense of the Koran and tradition, disallowing the use of analogy (Qiyās) and Taqlīd (appeal to the authority of an imām) , and objecting altogether to the use of individual opinion (Raʽy) . ”
