John Henry Freese and Edward Mewburn Walker

Name: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
Author: John Henry Freese and Edward Mewburn Walker

1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

Summary

“1911 Encyclopædia Britannica”, published in 1911, is a work by John Henry Freese and Edward Mewburn Walker. It explores elements such as Socrates, Athens and Sparta.

Quotes from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (John Henry Freese and Edward Mewburn Walker)

John Henry Freese and Edward Mewburn Walker, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ The Apology, Socrates's defence before his judges, is rather a feeble production, and in the general opinion of modern critics is not a genuine work of Xenophon, but belongs to a much later period.
Xenophon was a man of great personal beauty and considerable intellectual gifts; but he was of too practical a nature to take an interest in abstruse philosophical speculation. His dislike of the democracy of Athens induced such lack of patriotism that he even fought on the side of Sparta against his own country. ”

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John Henry Freese and Edward Mewburn Walker, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ The most that can be said in his favour is that as a witness he is at once honest and well informed. For this period of Greek history he is, at any rate, an indispensable witness.
The Memorabilia, or “Recollections of Socrates,” in four books, was written to defend Socrates against the charges of impiety and corrupting the youth, repeated after his death by the sophist Polycrates. The work is not a literary masterpiece; it lacks coherence and unity, and the picture it gives of Socrates fails to do him justice. ”

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John Henry Freese and Edward Mewburn Walker, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ The Cyropaedia, a political and philosophical romance, which describes the boyhood and training of Cyrus, hardly answers to its name, being for the most part an account of the beginnings of the Persian empire and of the victorious career of Cyrus its founder. The Cyropaedia contains in fact the author's own ideas of training and education, as derived conjointly from the teachings of Socrates and his favourite Spartan institutions. It was said to have been written in opposition to the Republic of Plato. A distinct moral purpose, to which literal truth is sacrificed, runs through the work. ”

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John Henry Freese and Edward Mewburn Walker, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ Moving within a limited range of ideas, he doubtless gives us “considerably less than the real Socrates, while Plato gives us something more.” It is probable that the work in its present form is an abridgment. ”

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John Henry Freese and Edward Mewburn Walker, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ After the battle of Cunaxa (401) , in which Cyrus lost his life, the officers in command of the Greeks were treacherously murdered by the Persian satrap Tissaphernes, with whom they were negotiating an armistice with a view to a safe return. The army was now in the heart of an unknown country, more than a thousand miles from home and in the presence of a troublesome enemy. It was decided to march northwards up the Tigris valley and make for the shores of the Euxine, on which there were several Greek colonies. Xenophon became the leading spirit of the army ”

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Source: Wikisource

John Henry Freese and Edward Mewburn Walker, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ Early in life he came under the influence of Socrates, but an active life had more attraction for him. In 401, being invited by his friend Proxenus to join the expedition of the younger Cyrus against his brother, Artaxerxes II. of Persia, he at once accepted the offer. It held out the prospect of riches and honour, while he was little likely to find favour in democratic Athens, where the knights were regarded with suspicion as having supported the Thirty. At the suggestion of Socrates, Xenophon went to Delphi to consult the oracle ”

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Source: Wikisource

John Henry Freese and Edward Mewburn Walker, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ The Hipparchicus explains the duties of a cavalry officer; it is not, according to our ideas, a very scientific treatise, showing that the art of war was but very imperfectly developed and that the military operations of the Greeks were on a somewhat petty scale. He dwells at some length on the moral qualities which go to the making of a good cavalry officer, and hints very plainly that there must be strict attention to religious duties. ”

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Source: Wikisource

John Henry Freese and Edward Mewburn Walker, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ Meantime Sparta and Athens had become allies, and the Athenians repealed the decree which had condemned him to exile. There is, however, no evidence that he ever returned to his native city. According to Diogenes Laërtius, he made his home at Corinth. The year of his death is not known; all that can be said is that it was later than 355, the date of his work on the Revenues of Athens.
The Anabasis (composed at Scillus between 379 and 371) is a work of singular interest, and is brightly and pleasantly written. ”

John Henry Freese and Edward Mewburn Walker

Summary

Quotes from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (John Henry Freese and Edward Mewburn Walker)

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