John M. Walker, Jr.

John M. Walker, Jr.

Summary

Portrait of John M. Walker, Jr. John M. Walker, Jr. Church of Scientology v. Behar… (2001)

By contrast with the incremental harm doctrine, the subsidiary meaning doctrine does "bear upon" whether a defendant has acted with actual malice. In Herbert, for example, this court held that nine of eleven allegedly libelous statements were not actionable because they were not maliciously published; the published statements were backed by evidence that was not known to be false, and as to the reliability of which the defendants had not shown reckless disregard.
Source: Wikisource

Portrait of John M. Walker, Jr. John M. Walker, Jr. Church of Scientology v. Behar… (2001)

CSI concedes that it is a public figure; therefore to prevail it must show that the statements it complains of were (1) of and concerning CSI, (2) likely to be understood as defamatory by the ordinary person, (3) false, and (4) published with actual malice, that is, either knowledge of falsity or reckless disregard of the truth. See id. In contrast, a private plaintiff need only prove that false and defamatory statements of and concerning the plaintiff were made with gross negligence.
Source: Wikisource

Portrait of John M. Walker, Jr. John M. Walker, Jr. Church of Scientology v. Behar… (2001)

If it cannot be shown that the defendant knew that the statements were false, a plaintiff must demonstrate that the defendant made the statements with reckless disregard of whether they were true or false. The reckless conduct needed to show actual malice "is not measured by whether a reasonably prudent man would have published, or would have investigated before publishing," St.
Source: Wikisource

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