Joseph P. Bradley, United States v. Central Pacific Railroad Company…
“ This view was based upon the practice and usage of conservative and well-managed railroad companies, which tended to the suppression of extravagant dividends that might be the result of a showing of large net earnings. But congress, in the Thurman act, ex industria used language with regard to the character of the expenses to be allowed in ascertaining the amount of net earnings which seems to preclude any charges for improvements or betterments or increase of permanent value of the works in any manner whatever. ”
