“ The eastern plains are almost wholly Cretaceous, and the same formation occurs in the northern part of the western plateau. Intrusions of eruptive rocks are found in profusion in many parts of the Territory; these range from ancient volcanic rocks and dikes of porphyry to more recent lava flows which cover considerable areas both on the plateaus and in the valleys.
Mining. This industry is but little developed in comparison with its great possibilities. The mineral region is almost co-extensive with the mountain region. Coal and gold are among the minerals most mined. ”

“ Sycamore, cottonwood, oak, and other deciduous trees grow in the river-valleys, and some of the foothills carry growths of piñon and dwarf cedar, while extensive forests of pine, spruce, and cedar cover the higher mountains. With the possible exception of the alkali flats, the soil, wherever there is any, is said to be fertile and capable of becoming productive when irrigated. ”

“ The bulk of the population belong to the Roman Catholic Church, According to the census of 1900 the percentage of illiteracy was greater than that of any other State or Territory. With a compulsory school law, and greatly increased expenditures for school purposes, and the lengthening of the school year, illiteracy is diminishing. ”

“ The climate is remarkably dry and healthful, and the air pure and clear. In the lower regions of the south the climate is mild throughout the year, but in the north the temperature sometimes falls below zero. ”

“ The mountain ranges are generally upheavals of a nucleus of granite and syenite which has broken through the Paleozoic sandstones and Carboniferous limestone, these strata being upturned and exposed along their bases and slopes. ”

“ Banks. The first bank in the Territory was a national bank organized in 1871. In 1888 some banks were organized under the Territorial laws. The Territorial banking law provides for yearly reports and examinations. In 1902 there were 15 national banks, with a cajiital of $1,012,000; surplus, $171,000; cash, etc., $430,000; deposits, $5,033,000; and loans, $3,688,000; and 12 Territorial banks, with capital of $417,000; surplus, $52,000; cash, etc., $148,000; deposits, $1,783,000; and loans, $1,354,000.
Government. New Mexico has the usual Territorial form of government. ”

“ The output of the former increased from 157,092 short tons in 1882 to 1,086,546 short tons in 1901. The output of the latter shows an increase from 26,074 fine ounces in 1898 to 33,302 in 1901. The output of silver and copper, which had decreased for a number of years, has grown extraordinarily, the output of the former in 1901 being 563,400 fine ounces, as against 425,300 in 1898, and that of the latter having increased from 31,884 pounds in 1894 to 9,629,884 in 1901. Emeralds, turquoise, and other precious stones are being mined in increasing quantities. ”