Thomas H. Humphreys

“ Having concluded that the stipulation in the bill of lading exempting appellant from liability on account of loss by fire is void under § 843 of Crawford & Moses' Digest, which prohibits a carrier from limiting its common-law liability as an insurer against loss by fire, it becomes unnecessary to discuss and decide other questions argued in briefs of learned counsel for the respective parties. ”

“ Congress has exclusive power to regulate both interstate and foreign commerce, and, when it has entered upon the field of regulating either, and does regulate either, the effect is that the regulatory acts of Congress upon the subject will supersede State statutes relating thereto, and all interstate and foreign shipments will be governed by Federal legislation and the common-law rules as applied in the Federal courts. ”

“ The subject of commerce with adjacent foreign countries and with non-adjacent foreign countries are separate and distinct, so it cannot be inferred that Congress, in dealing with one subject, intended to embrace both. ”