United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Name: CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Russia
Author: United States. Central Intelligence Agency

CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Russia (2004)

Summary

“CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Russia”, published in 2004, is a work by United States. Central Intelligence Agency. It explores elements such as Russia, Siberia and depth.

Quotes from CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Russia (United States. Central Intelligence Agency)

United States. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Russia (2004)

“ Strong oil export earnings have allowed Russia to increase its foreign reserves from only $12 billion to some $80 billion. These achievements, along with a renewed government effort to advance structural reforms, have raised business and investor confidence in Russia's economic prospects. Nevertheless, serious problems persist. Oil, natural gas, metals, and timber account for more than 80% of exports, leaving the country vulnerable to swings in world prices. Russia's manufacturing base is dilapidated and must be replaced or modernized if the country is to achieve broad-based economic growth. ”

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Source: Wikisource

United States. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Russia (2004)

“ Since then, Russia has struggled in its efforts to build a democratic political system and market economy to replace the strict social, political, and economic controls of the Communist period. While some progress has been made on the economic front, recent years have seen a recentralization of power under Vladimir PUTIN and an erosion in nascent democratic institutions. A determined guerrilla conflict still plagues Russia in Chechnya. ”

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Source: Wikisource

United States. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Russia (2004)

“ Telephone system: general assessment: the telephone system underwent significant changes in the 1990s; there are more than 1,000 companies licensed to offer communication services; access to digital lines has improved, particularly in urban centers; Internet and e-mail services are improving; Russia has made progress toward building the telecommunications infrastructure necessary for a market economy; however, a large demand for main line service remains unsatisfied
domestic: cross-country digital trunk lines run from Saint Petersburg to Khabarovsk, and from Moscow to Novorossiysk ”

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Source: Wikisource

United States. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Russia (2004)

“ Real fixed capital investments have averaged gains greater than 10% over the last four years and real personal incomes have averaged increases over 12%. Russia has also improved its international financial position since the 1998 financial crisis, with its foreign debt declining from 90% of GDP to around 28%. ”

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Source: Wikisource

United States. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Russia (2004)

“ Agriculture - products: grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk Industries: complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles ”

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Source: Wikisource

United States. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Russia (2004)

“ Irrigated land: 46,630 sq km (1998 est.) Natural hazards: permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula; spring floods and summer/autumn forest fires throughout Siberia and parts of European Russia Environment - current issues: air pollution from heavy industry, emissions of coal-fired electric plants, and transportation in major cities; industrial, municipal, and agricultural pollution of inland waterways and seacoasts; deforestation; soil erosion ”

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Source: Wikisource

United States. Central Intelligence Agency, CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Russia (2004)

“ President Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN (acting president since 31 December 1999, president since 7 May 2000)
note: there is also a Presidential Administration (PA) that provides staff and policy support to the president, drafts presidential decrees, and coordinates policy among government agencies; a Security Council also reports directly to the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 14 March 2004 (next to be held NA March 2008) ; note - no vice president ”

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Summary

Quotes from CIA World Fact Book, 2004 — Russia (United States. Central Intelligence Agency)

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