William Petty

“ A Land-Tax upon free Estates resolves into an Excize upon Consumptions. 22 [40]
Assessment upon Housing more uncertain then that of Land, Housing being of a double nature, viz. either an instrument of gain, or way of expence. Ibid. [40]
The heavy taxing of Housing no discouragement to new Buildings; nor is the discouragement of new Buildings any means to prevent the populousness of a City. Ibid. [40]
Prohibition to build upon new Foundations serves onely to fix the Groundplot of a City. 23 [41]
The reason why the City of London removes its Ground-plot Westward. ”

“ His Grace hath given fresh demonstration of his care of an English Interest in Ireland, and of his wisdom in reconciling the several cross concernments there so far as the same is possible.
3. His Graces Estate in Lands there is the greatest that ever was in Ireland, and consequently he is out of the danger incident to those Proreges against whom Cambden sayes, Hibernia est semper querula; there being no reason for ones getting more Land, who hath already the most of any. ”

“ Lastly, if any man hath any Notions which probably may be good for Ireland, he may with most advantage expose them to publick examination now, when the Duke of Ormond [5] is Chief Governour: for,
1. His Grace knows that Countrey perfectly || well, as well in times and matters of Peace as War, and understands the Interests as well of particular persons, as of all and every factions and parties struggling with each other in that Kingdom; understanding withall the state of England, and also of several Forreign Nations, with reference to Ireland. ”

“ Wherefore the race being not to the swift, &c. but time and chance happening to all men, I leave the Judgement of the whole to the Candid, of whose correction I shall never be impatient.||
↑ In 1662 the Parliament of Ireland passed an Act for the real union and division of parishes—14 & 15 Charles II., c. ”

“ AN Enumeration and description of the several Branches of the Publick Charge. Page 1 [18]
The Maintenance of Governours ought to be in greater splendour than private Callings can reach to. Ibidem [18]
The honour of being trusted, and the pleasure of being feared, is reward enough for some Offices. p. 2 [19]
The Pastorage of Souls ought to be a Publick Charge even upon a Civil Account. Ibid. [19]
The use of Schools and Universities, as they are a publick charge. ”

“ Eighthly, Scarcity of Money, and confusion of Coins. 17 [34]
Ninthly, That scarce an hundredth part of the Riches of this Nation is Coined Bullion. Ibid. [34]
Tenthly, The non-acceptance of Some Commodities in specie in discharge of Taxes. Ibid. [35]
The Consequences of a Tax too heavy if there be too much Money in the Nation, which may be; or if there be too little, and that either in a State well or ill governed. 17, 18, 19 [35-37]
The first way of providing for the Publick Charge, is the excinding or setting apart of a proportion of the Territory, in the nature of Crown-Lands. ”

“ I know well, that res nolunt male administrari [6] , and that (say I what I will or can) things will have their course, nor will nature be couzened: Wherefore what I have written, (as I said before) was done but to ease and deliver my self, my head having been impregnated with these things by the daily talk I hear about advancing and regulating Trade, and by the murmurs about Taxes, &c. Now whether what I have said be contemned or cavilled at, I care not, being of the same minde about this, as some thriving men are concerning the profuseness of their Children ”

“ The copy in the National Library of Ireland is a reissue dedicated to Petty's son Henry as Earl of Shelburne. It must have been published, therefore, after 1719, the date at which the earldom of Shelburne was created, and before 1751, when Shelburne died. ↑ The settlement of the Irish question by the fusion of Irish and English was a favourite notion of Petty's from 1655, when, in collaboration with Vincent Gookin, he is said to have opposed the segregation of the Irish by transplantation into Connaught, to the year of his death. Fitzmaurice, 31, 32, also Petty's Treatise of Ireland. ”

“ Ibid. [91] Commodities ought not to be taxed until they be just ripe for Consumption. 72 [91]
Commodities of equal value may be unequally excized with justice. ibidem. [92]
Of accumulating the Excize of many things upon some one thing. ibid. [92]
Whether Native Commodities exported ought to pay Excize. ibid. [92]
The explication of Accumulative Excize. 73 [93]
Reasons for accumulating the Excize of all things upon some one thing. ibid. [93]
Why Beer ought not to be that one thing. 74 [93]
Harth or Smoak-money is an Accumulative Excize, with the reasons for and against it. ibid. ”

“ Grants for publick Lotteries are Taxes upon the people. Ibid. [64]
Why Lotteries ought not to be allowed but by good authority. Ibid. [64-65]
Raising of Money by Benevolence is a real Tax. 46 [65]
Three cases where the way of a Benevolence may be made good. Ibid. [65-66]
Several reasons against it. 46, 47 [66]
The several species of Penalties. 47 [67]
A doubt whether the Penalties set down in Moses Law ought to be inflicted now. 47 [67]
The proper use and reason of every sort of Penalty. 48 [67]
Perpetual Imprisonment is a kinde of slow death. ”