by John Marshall Harlan

Name: Elk v. Wilkins — Dissent
Author: by John Marshall Harlan

Summary

“Elk v. Wilkins — Dissent”, is a work by by John Marshall Harlan. It explores elements such as the United States, citizenship and fourteenth amendment.

Quotes from Elk v. Wilkins — Dissent (by John Marshall Harlan)

by John Marshall Harlan, Elk v. Wilkins — Dissent

“ Surely every one must admit that an Indian residing in one of the states, and subject to taxation there, became, by force alone of the act of 1866, a citizen of the United States, although he may have been, when born, a member of a tribe. The exclusion of Indians not taxed evinced a purpose to include those subject to taxation in the state of their residence. ”

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Source: Wikisource

by John Marshall Harlan, Elk v. Wilkins — Dissent

“ Our brethren, it seems to us, construe the fourteenth amendment as if it read: 'All persons born subject to the jurisdiction of, or naturalized in, the United States, are citizens of the United States and of the state in which they reside;' whereas the amendment, as it is, implies in respect of persons born in this country that they may claim the rights of national citizenship from and after the moment they become subject to the complete jurisdiction of the United States. ”

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Source: Wikisource

by John Marshall Harlan, Elk v. Wilkins — Dissent

“ A careful examination of all that was said by senators and representatives, pending the consideration by congress of the fourteenth amendment, justifies us in saying that every one who participated in the debates, whether for or against the amendment, believed that, in the form in which it was approved by congress, it granted, and was intended to grant, national citizenship to every person of the Indian race in this country who was unconnected with any tribe, and who resided, in good faith, outside of Indian reservations and within one of the states or territories of the Union. ”

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Source: Wikisource

by John Marshall Harlan, Elk v. Wilkins — Dissent

“ Judge COOLEY, referring to the definition of national citizenship as contained in the fourteenth amendment, says: 'By the express terms of the amendment, persons of foreign birth, who have never renounced the allegiance to which they were born, though they may have a residence in this country, more or less permanent, for business, instruction, or pleasure, are not citizens. ”

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Source: Wikisource

by John Marshall Harlan, Elk v. Wilkins — Dissent

“ When, however, the tribal relations are dissolved, when the headship of the chief or the authority of the tribe is no longer recognized, and the individual Indian, turning his back upon his former mode of life, makes himself a member of the civilized community, the case is wholly altered. He then no longer acknowledges a divided allegiance; he joins himself to the body politic; he gives evidence of his purpose to adopt the habits and customs of civilized life ”

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Source: Wikisource

by John Marshall Harlan, Elk v. Wilkins — Dissent

“ Such citizenship passes to the person, of whatever race, who is embraced by its provisions, leaving the fact of citizenship to be determined, when it shall become necessary to do so in the course of legal inquiry, in the same way that questions as to one's nativity, domicile, or residence are determined. ”

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Source: Wikisource

by John Marshall Harlan, Elk v. Wilkins — Dissent

“ Neither are the aboriginal inhabitants of the country citizens, so long as they preserve their tribal relations and recognize the headship of their chiefs, notwithstanding that, as against the action of our own people, they are under the protection of the laws, and may be said to owe a qualified allegiance to the government. When living within territory over which the laws, either state or territorial, are extended, they are protected by, and, at the same time, held amenable to, those laws in all their intercourse with the body politic, and with the individuals composing it ”

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Source: Wikisource

by John Marshall Harlan, Elk v. Wilkins — Dissent

“ Consequently, an averment that the plaintiff is a citizen and bona fide resident of Nebraska implies, in law, that he is subject to taxation, and is taxed, in that state. Further: The plaintiff has become so far incorporated with the mass of the people of Nebraska that being, as the petition avers, a citizen and resident thereof, he constitutes a part of her militia. Comp. St. Neb. c. 56. He may, being no longer a member of an Indian tribe, sue and be sued in her courts. And he is counted in every apportionment of representation in the legislature ”

by John Marshall Harlan

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