by the Republics of Bolivia and Peru, Treaty of Defensive Alliance [Tratado de Alianza Defensiva… (1873)
“ Article I. The Contracting Parties will unite and join to mutually guarantee their independence, sovereignty, and the integrity of their respective territories, binding themselves by the terms of the present Treaty to defend themselves against all foreign aggression, whether proceeding from another or other independent States, or from a force, without a flag, owing obedience to no recognized Power. ”
