Ludwig Radlkofer and Joseph Rock, New and Noteworthy Hawaiian Plants (1911)
“ The few hundred acres on which this tree is found escaped the firy stream by their elevation, as no lava is visible, the soil being black and rich. The tree seems to be deciduous, as I have observed specimens with the leaves all yellow and dropping, while others had young leaves only, but I have not met with any having the branches entirely bare. ”
