“ The judges of each circuit and the justice of the Supreme Court for the circuit constitute a Circuit Court of Appeals. As constituted at first, the Supreme Court consisted of a chief-justice and five associate justices, but the number of the latter has been changed from time to time, and there are at present eight. Besides these regular Federal courts, the Senate sits when necessary as a court of impeachment; the District of Columbia has a Supreme Court over which the Supreme Court of the United States has appellate jurisdiction ”

“ They retain office during good behavior. The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, District Courts, a Court of Claims, a Court of Customs Appeal, District of Columbia courts, and a court for China. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction only of “cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party”; but cases decided in the other Federal courts, under certain prescribed conditions, can be reviewed by the Supreme Court by virtue of its appellate jurisdiction. ”

“ There is also a separate circuit judge for each circuit, and a district judge for each district. Circuit Courts may be held by the circuit justice, by the circuit judge or by the district judge sitting alone, or by any two of these sitting together. ”