Summary

Jacques Wardlaw Redway Handbook of Meteorology — Distribution of Pressure (1921)

The determination of mean pressure over each of the two hemispheres is more important than that of the mean pressure of the earth as a whole. The fact that the pressure over the southern hemisphere is lowest at the time when it is highest over the northern hemisphere, and vice versa, indicates the shifting of an enormous volume and weight of air from one hemisphere to the other, twice a year.
Source: Wikisource

Jacques Wardlaw Redway Handbook of Meteorology — Distribution of Pressure (1921)

Density varies directly with pressure and inversely with temperature. It also varies inversely with the moisture content of the air.
For the greater part, human activities are carried on at the plane of contact, where earth and air meet. Weather science, however, includes a study of density and pressure at all observable altitudes from sea level upward. Density of the air at different heights also affects air flight and the flight of projectiles. Hence, a knowledge of the density of the air at different altitudes is necessary.
Source: Wikisource

Jacques Wardlaw Redway Handbook of Meteorology — Distribution of Pressure (1921)

Thus, at Mount Washington, and at other stations of considerable altitude, expansion due to temperature-increase raises the center of mass in summer; mean pressure, therefore, is raised. In winter, low temperature causes contraction, lowering the center of mass and therefore the pressure. In other words, while sea level and also the observer’s station are at fixed altitudes, the center of mass is a varying altitude; it is raised by increasing temperature and lowered by decreasing temperature.
Source: Wikisource

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