Jr. William Whatley Pierson

“ These facts and this new consciousness may indicate the opening of another period in the history of the Western Hemisphere, which will doubtless have a distinctly inter-American emphasis. The field of Hispanic-American history has until recent years been little known to and too often neglected by the undergraduate student in the universities,—if, indeed, courses in such history have been offered. It is, in the opinion of the writer, however, a field not lacking in comparative importance, interest, and cultural value with those better known. ”

“ At the outset the prospective student is warned that as yet there exists no single text-book devoted to the Hispanic-American republics which satisfactorily and adequately presents their history, describes their present conditions and discusses their institutions. This absence, of necessity, determines that the course will be based largely upon material to be found only in a number of books, public documents, and scientific reports. An effort has been made in this syllabus to meet this difficult situation. ”

“ Effect of the entrance of the United States into the war.
7. Hispanic America in the war:
a. Nations which declared war: Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.
b. Nations which severed relations with Germany: Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Santo Domingo, Uruguay.
c. The neutral countries: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Salvador, Venezuela, Paraguay.
d. Services of Brazil and Cuba.
8. Hispanic America and the Peace Conference; the prominent part played by Brazil. ”

“ Southey, History of Brazil; Varnhagen, Historia Geral do Brazil, Vol. I.
Chapter IV. Geography and Resources of Hispanic America.
1. Geographic situation of South America.
2. Area of states in comparison with that of the United States and Europe.
3. Climate.
a. Seasons and temperature.
b. Rainfall.
4. Mountain ranges; rivers; water power.
5. Harbors.
6. Forests; commercial value of forest products.
7. Mineral deposits.
8. Animal life; introduction of animals and plants by Spanish.
9. Drugs and medicines.
10. Agricultural possibilities. Products in general: fruits; rubber; coffee; cacao; yerba ”

“ Students will be required to provide themselves individually with a copy of this syllabus and with W. R. Shepherd's Latin America (Holt & Company) . It is strongly recommended that they purchase also F. Garcia Calderon's Latin America: Its Rise and Progress (Scribners) . For the general student and reader the following list of books, written in English, may be found useful:
For description, geography, travel, peoples and social conditions:
James Bryce, South America: Observations and Impressions. (Macmillan) .
G. E. Church, Aborigines of South America. ”

“ Church, The Aborigines of South America; Hrdlicka, Early Man in South America; Nordenskiold, Indianerleben.
Additional Readings: Gage, New Survey of the West Indies; MacNutt, Bartholomew de las Casas; Prescott, Conquest of Mexico; ——, Conquest of Peru; Robertson, History of America, Book VIII; Helps, Spanish Conquest in America; Saco, Revista de Cuba; Markham, The Incas of Peru; Spinden, Ancient Civilizations of Mexico and Central America.
E. Social Classes and Colonial Society.
1. Spanish types in the colonies:
Basque ”

“ Congresses for health and sanitations conventions: Rio de Janiero (1887, 1906) , Lima (1888) , Washington (1902, 1905) , Mexico City (1907) , San Jose de Costa Rica (1909) .
f. Scientific congresses: Buenos Aires (1898) , Montevideo, (1901) , Rio de Janiero (1905) , Santiago de Chile, (1908) , Washington, (1916) .
g. Control of river commerce; the international rivers.
8. Central American affairs; arbitration agreement.
9. The so-called A. B. C. Alliance.
10. Relations with Europe:
Diplomatic; economic; cultural. ”

“ Economic results of the war upon Hispanic America.
Readings: Martin, Latin America and the War, (League of Nations, II, No. 4) ; Kirkpatrick, South America and the War; Rowe, Early Effects of the War upon Finance, Commerce, and Industry of Peru; Ferrara, La doctrine de Monroe y la liga de las naciones; Galliard, Amerique latine et Europe occidentale; Wagner, L'Allemagne et l'Amerique Latine; Quesada, El "peligro Aleman" en sud America; Yearbooks and periodicals.
Chapter XIII. Contemporary History, Problems, and Achievements of Hispanic America.
1. Political:
a. ”

“ Readings: Bourne, 282-301; Payne, History of America, Vol. I, 254-362; Shepherd, 38-49; Moses, South America on the Eve of Emancipation, 328-340; Keller, 221-225.
G. Trade System and Means of Transportation.
1. The Spanish trade regulations; mercantilism; the staple cities.
2. Trade routes; oceanic; inland.
3. Convoys and fleet system; taxes levied; concessions of 1620.
4. Depots and staple cities; fairs.
5. Means of transportation in colonial Spanish America.
6. The Consulado; guilds; cofradias.
7. Trade companies:
The Guipuzcoa company, 1728-1778. ”

“ Political factions:
Military; clerical; civilian; and lay.
4. Party methods and politics.
5. Ballot and elections; restrictions of the suffrage.
6. Popular apathy in political affairs; personal politics. ”

“ Portuguese system of colonization in Brazil.
a. The captaincies.
b. The "desembargo do paco."
c. Theory and practice; frequent changes in the administrative service.
d. Comparison with Portuguese colonial system in the East Indies.
e. The church in colonial Brazil; the aldeias; work of Anchieta, Nobrega, Vieyra.
4. Treatment of the natives; intermarriage; regulations as to labor system.
5. Importation of negro slaves, 1502; slave trade; the Companhia do Grao Para; slave codes.
6. The Portuguese commercial system:
a. ”

“ Scruggs, The Colombian and Venezuelan Republics; Vera y Gonzalez, Elementos de historia contemporanea de [Pg 37] America; Heredia, Memorias sobre las revoluciones de Venezuela; books on individual countries.
2. Social and Religious:
A. Social:
1. Population:
a. Census statistics available.
b. Population and resources.
2. Social types: Spanish; immigrant; Indian, savage and civilized; mixed races; negro.
3. Laboring classes and types: "vaquero;" "gaucho;" "llanero;" industrial laborers.
4. Labor system and laws.
a. Peonage:
1. ”

“ Toleration in Hispanic America.
6. Protestant missionary activities.
7. Foreign opinion of Hispanic-American morality.
Required Readings: Shepherd, 139; Koebel, The South Americans 41-44, 91-108, 152-169.
Additional Readings: Speer, South American Problems; Brown, Latin America; Neely, South America: Its Missionary Problem; Planchet, La Cuestion religiosa en Mexico.
3. Immigration:
a. History of immigration in the 19th century:
1. Causes of scarcity before 1857; colonial exclusion; revolutions; greater inducements of the United States; economic reasons. ”

“ Professor Shepherd generously made suggestions for this edition of the syllabus. Chapel Hill, N. C., June, 1920.
[Pg 7]
A SYLLABUS OF HISPANIC-AMERICAN HISTORY INTRODUCTION
I. The Political Situation in Europe at Opening of the 16th Century.
1. The National States: England, France, Spain and Portugal.
2. The Holy Roman Empire.
3. The city states of Italy.
4. Other European States.
Readings: Hayes, A Political and Social History of Modern Europe, Vol. I, 3-25.
II. Scientific and intellectual progress.
1. Medieval travels; the crusades. ”

“ Lowery, Spanish Settlements in the United States, Vol. I, 339-366; Calle, Memorial y Noticias Sacras; Chapman, The Founding of Spanish California (cf. Index, "Religious Conquest") ; Medina, Historia de Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisicion en Mexico; Cambridge Modern History, Vol. X, 253, et seq.
D. The Indians and the Labor System.
1. The aborigines: tribes; number.
a. Most important families: Araucanians; Arawak; Aymara; Aztec; Carib; Charrua; Chibcha; Coconuco; Guarani; Inca; Maya; Mojos; Puelche; Quechua; Tapuya; Tupi, etc.
2. Indian civilization:
a. ”

“ Invasion of Spain by Napoleon; overthrow of the legitimate government; establishment of the Napoleonic government and of Spanish juntas.
6. Disturbance in the colonies; attitude of the cities; Caracas, Buenos Aires, Bogota, Cordoba, Santiago de Chile, etc.
7. The interregnum; development of local juntas; manifestations of loyalty to Spain; theories applied to the relations with Spain.
8. Gradual growth of desire and formation of plans for independence; refusal of Spanish terms; character of the revolutionary movement.
9. The revolution in the North, 1809-1821:
a. ”

“ Republican government in Cuba; interventions by the United States; diplomatic and economic relations with the United States.
[Pg 29]
Readings: Callahan, Cuba and International Relations; Leroy-Beaulieu, 251-268; Cabrera, Cuba and the Cubans; Porter, Industrial Cuba; Lindsay, Cuba and her People of Today; Quesada, The War in Cuba; Guiteras, Historia de la Isla de Cuba; Ramon de la Sagra, Historia de la Isla de Cuba (13t) ; Canini, Four Centuries of Spanish Rule in Cuba; Johnson, The History of Cuba (5v) ; Hill, Cuba and Porto Rico.
B. Haiti and Santo Domingo:
1. ”

“ Feudal status of labor in colonies.
2. Origin of peonage; inheritance of debt.
3. The "inquilino" and "colono"; "cholo."
4. Ignorance, wages, and living conditions.
5. Peon in government and politics.
6. Peonage in Mexico; in South America.
b. Labor regulations in general.
c. Labor organizations.
d. Dearth of labor in certain countries.
e. Strikes; radicalism; labor conditions in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.
5. Aristocratic and professional society.
6. Language.
7. Position of woman:
a. In society.
b. Family life.
c. The matter of divorce.
8. Amusements and social customs:
a. ”

“ Commerce) ; Gueydan, Transportation Facilities of Colombia and Venezuela (ibid.) ; Trade mark registration in Latin America (Tariff series, No. 31, ibid.) ; Verrill, Aughinbaugh, and Babson; Reports of Bureau of Trade Relations of the State Department; Report of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce of the Commerce Department; U. S. Federal Trade Com. Rep. on Trade and Tariffs in Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, and Peru; Tariff Systems of South American countries. (Bur. of For and Dom. Com.)
7. Educational and Cultural:
A. Educational:
1. ”