“ Portugal is the only state whose king wrote and set to music a national hymn for himself and his people. In the year 1822 Dom Pedro I had assumed the title of Prince-Regent and Protector of the Brazilian Constitution; to increase his popularity, he composed the hymn "O' Patria, ó Rei, ó povo," which, on his ascension of the Portuguese throne in 1826, he brought with him to Portugal, where it was received as the national hymn. ”

“ SERBIAN NATIONAL HYMN
The Serbian national hymn is said to have been, originally, a poem written by Nicholas I of Montenegro, in 1867, and set to music by Davorin Jenko in 1872. The present poem, however, is ascribed to the Serbian poet J. Gjorgjévič, adapted to the melody by Jenko.
ITALIAN NATIONAL HYMN
The lack of political unity for many centuries probably accounts for the fact that Italy had no national hymn. As in Spain, the people contented themselves with a Royal March, Marcia Reale, a rather trivial composition written about 1834 by Gabetti. ”

“ Rumania came into possession of a national hymn at nearly the same time as Italy. The first move in this direction was merely for the composition of a welcome-fanfare for Prince Alexander Johannes Cusa (1820-1873) ; in the prize-competition set on foot to this end, in 1861, the victor was Eduard A. Hübach (1833-1894) , military bandmaster at Jassy. The words were written later, when Rumania was raised to a kingdom, by Vasil Alexandri, who adapted them to apply to Karl von Hohenzollern.
PORTUGUESE NATIONAL HYMN
The Portuguese received their national hymn indirectly, by way of Brazil. ”