“ Boards of health are not liable for errors of judgment when acting within their jurisdiction, though they are liable for negligence. Yet a city or municipality cannot be held responsible for the negligence of a physician of the board, the mismanagement of its hospital, or even the wrongful appropriation of property by members of the board of health, for the purpose for which the board is created is governmental in character and the municipality derives no benefit in its corporate capacity from the performance of this duty. ”

“ The German system is dominated by the faculties of its great medical institutions and relies for its administration upon the paternal attitude of the Government. In England and the United States sanitary laws are placed under the control of special bureaus or boards of health, separate provisions for this purpose being made in the Federal and State systems, the latter also delegating to municipal corporations the powers necessary to make and enforce regulations for the protection of the public health within their jurisdictions. ”

“ To the second class belong sewer and water-supply systems; provisions for scavengers and street cleaning, meat and food inspection; ordinances prohibiting the building and maintaining of abattoirs in crowded districts; the prohibition or regulation of the manufacture and sale of unwholesome food products and adulterated drugs and provisions; the establishment of hospitals and institutions for the care of children and the insane; sanitariums for the treatment of tuberculosis and epilepsy; acts providing for the incorporation and regulation of cemeteries ”