Summary

Wadley Southern Railway Company v…

A statute, therefore, which imposes heavy penalties for violation of commands of an unascertained quality is, in its nature, somewhat akin to an ex post facto law, since it punishes for an act done when the legality of the command has not been authoritatively determined. Liability to a penalty for violation of such orders, before their validity has been determined, would put the part affected in a position where he himself must, at his own risk, pass upon the question. He must either obey what may finally be held to be a void order, or disobey what may ultimately be held to be a lawful order.
Source: Wikisource

Wadley Southern Railway Company v…

Conley, supra, contains a very full discussion of the subject. In that case the statute imposed a penalty for charging rates other than those prescribed in a legislative act, which, however, was altogether silent upon the subject of a judicial review as to the reasonableness of the rates. The court recognized that if that silence was to be construed into a denial of the right to a hearing in court, the penalty provision would be void. It held, however, that the failure of the penalty statute to say anything about the right of review could not be construed into a denial of that right.
Source: Wikisource

Wadley Southern Railway Company v…

Of course the right to make a defense, at the risk of having to pay such an enormous penalty, was merely illusory For, if such penal statutes were indeed constitutional, the carrier, in every instance, would submit to the deprivation of some of its property, under a rate of doubtful validity, rather than run the risk of paying out all of its property by way of penalties imposed in the event the rate should ultimately be sustained.
Source: Wikisource

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