Wilfred Harvey Schoff

“ The author of the Periplus was an Egyptian Greek, a Roman subject, who traded from the Red Sea down the East African coast and as far as Southern India, in the second half of the first century after Christ. Like Hippalus, who taught the Roman world the use of the monsoons, he steered his course straight across the ocean before the trade-winds, without compass or other aids to navigation. The Periplus is a merchant-captain's log, an original and truthful record of navigation and trade. ”

“ The authenticity of the work may be considered as unquestionable. The internal evidence is conclusive upon that point. There is considerable doubt as to the date of the voyage. On this point the narrative itself gives no information, and the name Hanno was very common at Carthage. (See Smith's Dict, of Biog., Art. Hanno) . But it has been generally agreed that this Hanno was either the father or the son of the Hamilcar who led the great Carthaginian expedition to Sicily in B. C. 480. ”

“ It is possible that from time to time some of the more adventurous of their traders may have reached thus far; but their regular, settled and established navigation did not, we believe, extend beyond the Scilly Islands and coast of Cornwall to the northwest, and to the southwest Cape Non and the Canaries. The commerce of the Phœnicians was carried on to a large extent by land, though principally by sea. ”

“ A chosen division of 2,500 citizens, men of wealth and family, formed what was called the Sacred Band of Carthage, distinguished for their bravery in the field as well as for the splendour of their arms, and the gold and silver plate which formed part of their baggage. ”

“ The line of coast southeast of Carthage, as far as the bay called the Lesser Syrtis, was proverbial (under the name of Byzacium and the Emporia) for its fertility. Along this extensive line were distributed indigenous Libyan tribes, living by agriculture; and a mixed population called Liby-Phœnician. . . . Of the Liby-Phœnician towns the number is not known to us, but it must have been prodigiously great. ... A few of the towns along the coast—Hippo, Utica, Adrumetum, Thapsus, Leptis, etc.—were colonies from Tyre, like Carthage itself. ”

“ Ludwig Wolf connects the Batwa both with the northern Akka and the southern Bushmen, all being the scattered fragments of a primeval dwarfish race to be regarded as the true aborigines of equatorial Africa. They live exclusively by the chase and the preparation of palm-wine, hence are regarded by their Bantu friends as benevolent little people whose special mission is to provide the surrounding tribes with game and palm-wine in exchange for manioc, maize, and bananas. Many are distinguished by sharp powers of observation, amazing talent for mimicry, and a good memory. ”

“ The Phœnicians for some centuries confined their navigation within the limits of the Mediterranean, the Propontis, and the Euxine, land-locked seas, which are tideless and far less rough than the open ocean. ”

“ The goods with which the Carthaginian merchants traded with the African tribes were doubtless such as those which civilized nations have always used in their dealings with savages. Cheap finery, gaudily colored clothes, and arms of inferior quality, would probably be their staple. ”

“ A conference of representatives from the governments and commercial bodies of nearly every country in the world, invited through the United States Government, by The Philadelphia Commercial Museum, which orgranized simultaneously the National Export Exposition. to stimulate the American movement for wider foreign markets. ”

“ The cranes go up as far as the lakes above Egypt, where the Nile originates; there the pygmies are living; and this is not a fable, but pure truth; men and horses are, as they say, of small stature, and live in grottoes. ”

“ The hirsuteness and dwarfish size were already noticed two thousand five hundred years ago by the Carthaginian Admiral Hanno, to whom we owe the term gorilla applied by him, not to the anthropoid ape so named by Du Chaillu, but to certain hairy little people seen by him on the west coast—probably the ancestors of the dwarfs still surviving in the Ogoway district.
"Here they are called Abongo and Obongo, and elsewhere are known by different names—Tikitiki, Akka, or Wochua in the Welle region, Dume in Gallaland, Wandorobo in Masailand, Batwa south of the Congo, and many others. Dr. ”

“ Above these folk lived unfriendly Æthiopians, dwelling in a land full of wild beasts, and shut off by great mountains, from which they say the Lixus flows, and on the mountains live men of various shapes, cave-dwellers, who, so the Lixitæ say, are fleeter of foot than horses.
8. Taking interpreters from them, we sailed twelve days toward the south along a desert, turning thence toward the east one day's sail. There, within the recess of a bay we found a small island, having a circuit of fifteen stadia ”

“ Συλλογῆς τῶν ἐν ἐπιτομῇ τοῖς πάλα γεωγραφηθέντων, τύποις ἐκδοθέντων, φιλοτίμῳ δαπάνῃ τῶν ἐξ Ἰωαννίνων φιλογενεστάτων άδελφών Ζωσιμιάδων, χάριν τῶν τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς παιδείας ἐφιεμένων Ἑλλήνων. Ἐν Βιέννη τῆς Αὐστρίας, ἐκ τῆς Σχραιμβλίκης τυπογραφίας, 1807. ”

“ This was the first full-grown man we had seen. His color was coppery, the fell over the body was almost feathery, being nearly half an inch in length. His head-dress was a bonnet of priestly form, decorated with a bunch of parrot feathers ”

“ Conversion Tables of Foreien Weights, Measures and Moneys, with comparisons of prices per pound, yard, gallon and bushel in United States money with prices per kilo, meter, liter, hectoliter, etc., in foreign moneys. ”

“ Ὑδρευσάμενοι δ ̓ ἐκεῖθεν ἐπλέομεν εἰς τοὔμπροσθεν ἡμέρας πέντε παρὰ γῆν, ἄχρι ἤλθομεν εἰς μέγαν κόλπον, ὃν ἔφασαν οἱ ἑρμηνέες καλεῖσθαι Ἑσπέρου Κέρας. Ἐν δὲ τούτῳ νῆσος ἦν μεγάλη καὶ ἐν τῇ νήσῳ λίμνη θαλασσώδης, ἐν δὲ ταύτῃ νῆσος ἑτέρα, εἰς ἣν ἀποβάντες ἡμέρας μὲν οὐδὲν ἀφεωρῶμεν ὅτι μὴ ὕλην, νυκτός δὲ πυρά τε πολλὰ καιόμενα, καὶ φωνὴν αὐλῶν ἠκούομεν κυμβάλων τε καὶ τυμπάνων πάταγον καὶ κραυγὴν μυρίαν. ”

“ We shall find these citizen troops occasionally employed on service in Sicily; but most part of the Carthaginian army consists of Gauls, Iberians, Libyans, etc., a mingled host got together for the occasion, discordant in language as well as in customs."—G. Grote, History of Greece, pt. ”

“ Handbooks to the Museum Exhibits. For the guidance of visitors to the Philadelphia Commercial Museum. Paper covers, illustrated, each 30-40 pp. Scents. No. 1.Japan. No. 2, China. Other countries in preparation.
BY OTHER PUBUSHERS
Commercial Raw Materials. By Charles R. Toothaker, Curator of the Commercial Museum. Boston : Ginn & Co., 108 pp., 1905, $1.25.
The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Travel and Trade in the Indian Occan by a Merchant of the First Century. Translated from the Greek and annotated by Wilfred H. Schoff, A.M., Secretary of the Commercial Museum. ”

“ To this may be due the fact that they are not black but of a yellowish colour, with reddish-brown woolly head, somewhat hairy body, and extremely low stature ranging from 3 ft. (Lugard) to perhaps 4 ft. 6 in. at most. ”

“ Paper and Pulp: World's Export Trade. 50 pp. paper covers. April, 1900.
Cotton Manufactures: The World's Cotton Trade and United States Production. By John J. Macfarlane. IS pp., paper covers. May, 1907.
The Last Speech of President McKinley at Buffalo, Sept. 5, 1901. With extracts from previous speeches regarding the Philadelphia Commercial Museum. ”

“ Hannonis periplus græce cum notis editus est a Leon Hug, in: Indice lectt. publ. in Univers. lit. Friburgensi habendd., Friburgi, 1808.
12. Included in an edition of Greek geographers with notes by Luke Holstenius, edited by Franciscus Bourlié, Rowe, 1819.
13. Included in J. F. Gail's reissue of Hudson's Geographi Græci Minores, Paris, 1826.
14. Ἅννωνος περίπλους Hannonis navigatio Ed. by D. Fr. Guil. Kluge, Leipzig, Nauck, 1829.
15. Included in C. Müller's Geographi Græci Minores, Paris, 1853.
This Periplus is analyzed in most works on ancient geography. ”

“ Ἀφ ̓ ὧν ἡμερήσιον πλοῦν κατανύσαντες, εἰς τὸν μυχὸν τῆς λίμνης ἤλθομεν, ὑπὲρ ἣν ὄρη μέγιστα ὑπερέτεινε, μεστὰ ἀνθρώπων ἀγρίων, δέρματα θήρεια ἐνημμένων, οἳ πέτροις βάλλοντες ἀπήραξαν ἡμᾶς, κωλύοντες ἐκβῆναι. ”