William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge

“ To the outer world the canton of Appenzell is best known by its institution of Landsgemeinden, or primitive democratic assemblies held in the open air, in which every male citizen (not being disqualified) over twenty years of age must (under a money penalty) appear personally: each half-canton has such an assembly of its own, that of Inner Rhoden always meeting at Appenzell, and that of Ausser Rhoden in the odd years at Hundwil (near Herisau) and in the even years at Trogen. ”

“ For similar reasons it has preserved many old customs and costumes, those of the women being very elaborate and picturesque, while the herdsmen have retained their festival attire of red waistcoats, embroidered braces and canary-coloured shorts. ”

“ App. Inner Rhoden (Soleure, 1899) ; I. B. Richman, Appenzell (London, 1895) ; H. Ryffel, Die schweiz. Landsgemeinden (Zürich, 1903) ; J. J. Tobler and A. Strüby, Die Alpwirthschaft im Kant. App. Ausser Rhoden (Soleure, 1900) ; J. C. Zellweger, Geschichte d. app. Volkes (to 1597) , 6 vols in 11 parts (Trogen, 1830–1838) ; J. C. Zellweger, junior, Der Kant. App. (Trogen, 1867) ; A. Tobler, Das Volkslied im Appenzellerland (Basel, 1906) ; J. J. Blumer, Staats- und Rechtsgeschichte d. schweiz. Demokratien (3 vols. St Gall, 1850–1859) . ”