Yosef Karo

“ If one is confessing silently, it is appropriate to specify the sin. Rem"a: However, when one prays out loud or when the chazan repeats the Amidah, they should not specify the sin. The acrostic Al Chet prayer that we say is not considered specifying the sin. ”

“ The one who is lashed neither stands nor sits but should crouch forward (Minhagim) with his face to the north and his back to the south (Mahari"l) . Yom Kippur atones only for those who repent and believe in the atonement it conveys. If a person holds it in disdain and thinks in his heart, "What will Yom Kippur do for [me] ?" Yom Kippur will not atone for him (Rambam chapter 3 of Hilkhot Shegagot) . ”

“ It is the custom to use a strap of any width, for these lashes are only remembrance of [punitive] lashes. One takes a strap of calf's leather, as a reference to the verse " [Even] an ox knows its master..." ”