by John Marshall Harlan

“ That order was recognized by Congress, if such recognition was essential to its validity, when Congress, by the Foraker act of 1900, provided that the laws and ordinances of Porto Rico, then in force, should continue in full force and effect, except 'as altered or modified by military orders in force' when that act was passed. It is clear that claimant is not entitled to be compensated for his office by the United States because of its exercise of an authority unquestionably possessed by it as the lawful sovereign of the island and its inhabitants. ”

“ The reasonable value, the claimant alleges, of the 'transferable' or 'numbered procurador of the courts of first instance of the capital of Porto Rico,' in perpetuity, was $50,000, for which amount he asks judgment. No compensation has ever been made to claimant for the loss of his office, and no action has been taken on his present claim, either by Congress or by any department of the United States government. ”

“ Hereafter, litigants who do not appear personally shall be represented before the supreme court and district courts exclusively by a lawyer, no powers of attorney being necessary therefor; it shall be the duty of the courts to suspend from the practice of his profession any lawyer who shall, without authority, assume to represent a litigant ”

“ On the 10th day of December, 1898, [30 Stat. at L. 1754] , a treaty of peace between the United States and Spain was concluded, and having been duly ratified by the respective countries, was duly proclaimed April 11th, 1899. The treaty contained these provisions: 'Spain cedes to the United States the island of Porto Rico and other islands now under Spanish sovereignty in the West Indies, and the island of Gaum in the Marianas or Ladrones.' Art. 2. ”