C. I. Eugene Kim

“ We are aware that many will look with surprise, and perhaps suspicion, too, at the word "politics" . . . [in] the subjects to be discussed in the Spectator, from the fact, that heretofore, the privileges of the paper have been closed against politics entirely. We understand the 8th article of the constitution of the Oregon Printing Association . . . to exclude ex parte politics only. . . . Politics, as we understand the term, means the science of government, and not the effervescence of fermenting partyism, or the noisy froth of spouting demogogues. ”

“ When Japan was consolidating her position in Korea for eventual annexation, Ernest T. Bethell, a citizen of Great Britain, then Japan's ally, published a Korean and an English newspaper in Seoul, the Taehan Maeil Simbo and the Korean Daily News. [1] The Japanese objected to his papers, after some delay suppressed them, and in 1908 expelled him from Korea.
This Bethell case is not unique; there have been many cases of "ugly" or "handsome" citizens of the Great Powers working in various capacities in underdeveloped countries throughout history. ”

“ Situated as we are—remote from the civilized settlements of the United States, and at this time having no protection but that which is afforded us by the provisional government of Oregon, and having but one interest to represent, and that interest the welfare of Oregon . . . it would be bad policy to break open old wounds, and in doing so, create new ones, to discuss politics in the columns of the Spectator. ”

“ A general law concerning the press was promulgated on July 24, 1907. According to this law, "the publisher of a newspaper is required to receive from the Minister of Home Affairs permission to publish, his application being made through the Police Inspector-General in Seoul, or through a provincial Governor in the provinces; and 300 yen is to be furnished as a guarantee fund by the publisher but in the case of a newspaper engaging in religious or literary work this guarantee fund is not required." ”

“ Maruyama explained that he was acting in compliance with the order from the Korean minister of home affairs to investigate the accounting of the fund, and the Japanese authorities stated that Yang's arrest did not have anything to do with the second Bethell trial." Thus, there developed one of the most significant episodes for Japan in Korea. Ito was again in Tokyo, leaving the direction of his office in Korea in care of Sone, vice-resident-general, an office which had been newly created. ”

“ William G. T'Vault, president of the organization and first editor, was prosecuting attorney and postmaster general. The treasurer, George Abernethy, was provisional governor in Oregon. [2] However, the owners of the Spectator maintained for four years a strict ban on political discussion. One of the association's first acts was formulation of a constitution, which stated in Article 8: "The press owned by or in connection with this association, shall never be used by any party for the purpose of propagating sectarian principles or doctrines, nor for the discussion of exclusive party politics." ”

“ It does highlight certain technical aspects in international politics: e.g., (1) when one nation seeks to control another, long-range political objectives may have to be modified for fear of adverse reaction on the part of other interested parties on the scene and because of conflicting pressures that may be exerted by other interested individuals and groups at the domestic level ”

“ Maruyama in reply produced three Koreans-Yi Tong-hi, Chung Yong-ta'ek, and Yi Song-ho-as the complainers, asking for an investigation of the Korean minister for home affairs by whom Maruyama was ordered to act." Meanwhile, Yang had been detained in prison since July 12, and the few visitors he was permitted were not allowed privacy.
Marnham, who was granted the privilege of visiting Yang, told Cock- burn: "Yang... is ill, worn to a skeleton, and on the verge of collapse. ”

“ He is confined day and night together with nineteen others in a room twelve feet by fourteen, making twenty people in that small space
"Cockburn to Komatsu, July 13, 1908, ibid., 1 22 . asMaruyama to Nabeshima, July 25, 1908, ibid., 66-67 . "Ito to Sone, July 22, 1908, ibid., 89-91. 3Maruyama to Nabeshima, July 25, 1908 , ibid., 6 6 -67 . in the great summer heat." [19] Cockburn sent a written message to Miura, the Japanese resident in Seoul, stating that, based upon the facts told by Marnham, Yang should have better care if he were to survive the ordeal. ”