Francis Henry Butler

Name: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
Author: Francis Henry Butler

1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

Summary

“1911 Encyclopædia Britannica”, published in 1911, is a work by Francis Henry Butler. It explores elements such as honey, bees and nectar.

Quotes from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (Francis Henry Butler)

Francis Henry Butler, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ The term “virgin-honey” (A.-S., hunigtear) is applied to the honey of young bees which have never swarmed, or to that which flows spontaneously from honeycomb with or without the application of heat. The honey obtained from old hives, considered inferior to it in quality, is ordinarily darker, thicker and less pleasant in taste and odour. The yield of honey is less in proportion to weight in old than in young or virgin combs. The far-famed honey of Narbonne is white, very granular and highly aromatic; and still finer honey is that procured from the Corbières Mountains, 6 to 9 m. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Francis Henry Butler, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ It has been noted with respect to the nectar of the fuchsia that it is most abundant when the anthers are about to dehisce, and absent in the unexpanded flower.
Pettigrew is of opinion that few bees go more than 2 m. from home in search of honey. The number of blossoms visited in order to meet the requirements of a single hive of bees must be very great; for it has been found by A. S. Wilson (“On the Nectar of Flowers,” Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1878, p. 567) that 125 heads of common red clover, which is a plant comparatively abundant in nectar, yield but one gramme (15.432 grains) of sugar ”

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Source: Wikisource

Francis Henry Butler, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ Apiculture in Turkey is in a very rude condition. The Bali-dagh, or “Honey Mount,” in the plain of Troy, is so called on account of the numerous wild bees tenanting the caves in its precipitous rocks to the south. In various regions of Africa, as on the west, near the Gambia, bees abound. Cameron was informed by his guides that the large quantities of honey at the cliffs by the river Makanyazi were under the protection of an evil spirit, and not one of his men could be persuaded to gather any (Across Africa, i. 266) . ”

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Source: Wikisource

Francis Henry Butler, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ Adulterations of honey are starch, detectable by the microscope, and by its blue reaction with iodine, also wheaten flour, gelatin, chalk, gypsum, pipe-clay, added water, cane-sugar and common syrup, and the different varieties of manufactured glucose. Honey sophisticated with glucose containing copperas as an impurity is turned of an inky colour by liquids containing tannin, as tea. Elm leaves have been used in America for the flavouring of imitation honey. Stone jars should be employed in preference to common earthenware for the storage of honey, which acts upon the lead glaze of the latter. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Francis Henry Butler, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ A bladder-like formation on the metathorax of another ant, Crematogaster inflatus (F. Smith, Cat. of Hymenoptera, pt. vi. pp. 136 and 200, pl. ix. fig. 1) , which has a small circular orifice at each posterior lateral angle, appears to possess a function similar to that of the abdomen in the honey-ant.
It is a popular saying that where is the best honey there also is the best wool; and a pastoral district, since it affords a greater profusion of flowers, is superior for the production of honey to one under tillage. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Francis Henry Butler, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ Almost all pure honey, when exposed for some time to light and cold, becomes more or less granular in consistency. Any liquid portion can be readily separated by straining through linen. Honey sold out of the comb is commonly clarified by heating and skimmimg; but according to Bonner it is always best in its natural state. The mel depuratum of British pharmacy is prepared by heating honey in a water-bath, and straining through flannel previously moistened with warm water. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Francis Henry Butler, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ In Poland the system of bee-keeping introduced by Dolinowski has been found to afford an average of 40 ℔ of honey and wax and two new swarms per hive, the common peasant’s hive yielding, with two swarms, only 3 ℔ of honey and wax. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Francis Henry Butler, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ The nectar of certain flowers is asserted to cause even in bees a fatal kind of vertigo. As a demulcent and flavouring agent, honey is employed in the oxymel, oxymel scillae, mel boracis, confectio piperis, conf. ”

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Source: Wikisource

Francis Henry Butler, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (1911)

“ The hives there in 1870 numbered 617,407 (or 40 per 1000 of the population, against 45 in Austria) . Of these 365,711 were in Hungary Proper, and 91,348 (87 per 1000 persons) in the Military Frontier (Keleti, Übersicht der Bevölk. Ungarns, 1871; Schwicker, Statistik d. K. Ungarn, 1877) . ”

Francis Henry Butler

Summary

Quotes from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica (Francis Henry Butler)

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