J. E. Aughenbaugh

“ Evergreen needles in clusters of 3, stiff, 21⁄2′′-5′′ long, yellowish green.
Twigs: Stout, brittle, rough, angled in cross-section, golden-brown. Buds egg-shaped, about 1⁄2′′ long, resinous, red-brown.
Fruit: A cone, 11⁄2′′-31⁄2′′ long with short stiff prickles, nearly stalkless, often remains attached for 5 years or more after ripening.
General: Thick, rough, grayish brown bark on older trees. A medium-sized tree. Common on poor, sandy soils and areas where forest fires have killed most other trees. Wood used chiefly for railroad ties, mine props, construction lumber, posts and fuel. ”

“ Twigs: Bright green, sometimes reddish, smooth and shiny; large white pith. End bud much larger than side ones, with many loose scales.
Fruit: Cherry-like, dark blue, shiny, about 1⁄2′′ in diameter, on a red stem enlarged at the point of attachment. Borne in clusters. Yellow flowers appear before the leaves unfold.
General: Bark on young trees soon becomes furrowed, the greenish bark changing to brown; inner bark salmon colored; older trees show deep fissures extending long distances up the trunk. A small to medium-sized tree, with crooked branches; often spreading by root suckers. ”

“ Pennsylvania, with its unique geographical position, has 102 kinds of trees native to the State, although there are numerous introduced species growing and thriving in this latitude and climate. In addition, at least 21 large native shrubs sometimes grow to tree size and form. ”

“ Often one of the first forest trees to become established on recently burned areas; the most widely distributed tree of North America. Most common in northern Pennsylvania. Wood used chiefly for paper pulp.
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BIGTOOTH ASPEN
(Populus grandidentata)
Leaves: Simple, alternate, 3′′-4′′ long, dark green above, paler below, margins with coarse teeth; leaf-stems flattened; silvery when unfolding in spring.
Twigs: Rather stout, brownish gray, sometimes with a coating of pale, wooly down. Buds blunt-pointed, dull, seldom curved, often wooly. ”

“ Bark on young trees and branches greenish brown and smooth, later darker, grooved and scaly. Produces one whorl of about 3 to 7 side branches each year, a feature which is useful in estimating age. A large and very important timber tree. Wood probably has more uses than that of any other species. ”

“ Less than half of these native trees are presently classified as important timber species. But research in wood uses is rapidly progressing and some of the so-called “weed trees” may assume considerable importance in the future.
The selection of 50 native trees and 4 introduced species described in this booklet was based chiefly on numerical occurrence and value for timber, shade or ornamental purposes. ”

“ General: Bark at first smooth and gray, soon breaking into long and loosely-attached plates that gives the trunk a shaggy appearance. A medium-sized tree found on a variety of sites but most common on good soils; grows slowly. Wood used principally for tool handles. The wood of all hickories is valuable to the farmer for fuel and smoking meat.
24
SHELLBARK HICKORY
(Carya laciniosa)
Leaves: Compound, alternate; leaflets usually 7, each 4′′-7′′ long, hairy beneath, margins fine-toothed. Dried leaf-stems often cling all winter. ”

“ Bark of two layers, the outer peeling in brown flakes, the inner whitish, yellowish or greenish; on base of old trunks dark brown and fissured. A tree of large size; mature trees often very massive. Prefers stream banks. Wood used for furniture, crates, butcher blocks, and flooring. ”