Clair A. Brown

“ For example, if a killing frost occurs in the last week of November or the first week of December, American elm will bloom the first week of January. If no killing frost occurs by early December. American elm may not bloom until the third week of January. ”

“ Apex. The tip of leaf, twig, or other plant part.
Apical. Pertaining to apex.
Ascending. Growing obliquely or indirectly upward from point of attachment.
Axil. Upper angle between a leaf or other plant part and the stem to which it is attached.
Bisexual. Having both sex organs on the same plant; a hermaphrodite.
Blade. The flat expanded portion of a leaf or parts of a compound leaf.
Catkin. A flexible, usually pendulous, scaly spike bearing unisexual flowers. ”

“ Hickories are generally divided into true hickories, which have overlapping (imbricate) bud scales, and pecan hickories, which have valvate bud scales. True hickories are divided into those with tight bark and those with loose bark. Mockernut Hickory, Carya tomentosa Nutt., a tight bark species, has very pubescent leaves, large buds, and a thick husk over a large nut. Pignut Hickory, C. glabra (Mill.) Sweet, also a tight bark hickory, has three to nine glabrous leaflets and a tardily dehiscing husk about 3 mm thick. ”

“ Chestnut oak is primarily a northeastern tree, extending into the South along the Appalachian highlands into northern Georgia and Alabama where its range overlaps that of swamp chestnut oak, and its leaves lack the dense pubescence found on those of swamp chestnut oak. ”

“ Throughout the South some 49 billion cubic feet of small, low-quality hardwoods are growing on southern pine sites [1] (Staff, For. Resour. Res. Work Unit 1976) . This material is usually wasted; if the site is prepared for regeneration to pine, the hardwoods there are destroyed. Research is underway to find economical methods of harvesting and utilizing these hardwoods. ”

“ Winged elm usually blooms 10 days to 2 weeks later than American elm. Small winged elm trees frequently have a corky outgrowth on opposite sides of twigs at least 3 years old. Mature trees often lack this characteristic. ”

“ Nomenclature used herein follows Little (1953) .
2 Hickories have alternate compound leaves with 5 to 13 leaflets. They are monoecious; that is, the stamens and pistil are borne in separate flowers on the same plant. Flowers generally develop after the leaves are three-fourths to full grown. Staminate flowers are in catkins, which occur on last year’s wood and usually have three branches. The stalkless pistillate flowers are in several-flowered spikes at the apex of the current season’s growth. Catkins last from 10 days to 3 weeks and are usually not useful in distinguishing the species. ”

“ It is evergreen in the southern part of its range and deciduous in the northern portion. A wind blowing in the crown will expose the silvery underside of the leaves. The white flowers, about 5 to 10 cm in diameter, open for the first time about 3 p.m. ”

“ Flowers typically polygamous, occasionally with perfect flowers, small, forming dense clusters from separate buds before leaf expansion, conspicuous because of the red to orange coloration. Fruit twin samaras 10 to 20 mm long.
Var. drummondii: Leaves larger than typical red maple, usually broader than long; 3 to 5 lobes or occasionally scarcely lobed, margins coarsely toothed, conspicuously glaucous below, usually permanently tomentose. Fruit samaras 4 to 5 cm long.
55
Red Maple/Acer rubrum
56 Black Tupelo ”