Summary

John McLean United States v. Brig Burdett…

The object of the prosecution against the Burdett is to enforce a forfeiture of the vessel, and all that pertains to it, for a violation of a revenue law. This prosecution then is a highly penal one, and the penalty should not be inflicted, unless the infractions of the law shall be established beyond reasonable doubt.
That frauds are frequently practised under the revenue laws cannot be doubted; and that individuals who practise these frauds are exceedingly ingenious in resorting to various subterfuges to avoid detection, is equally notorious.
Source: Wikisource

John McLean United States v. Brig Burdett…

The proof of Carrera's agency, in reference to the Burdett, is clear; and to consider him in this light, is the most favourable view for the claimant which can be taken of the case.
Carrera must have acted as agent or as principal, in regard to this vessel. He planned her voyages, gave directions as to her freight, appointed consignees, and paid for the repairs of the vessel. That he did these things as the agent of the claimant, is the only ground on which his right can be sustained; for if Carrera acted in any other capacity, it must be fatal to the claim of Steever.
Source: Wikisource

John McLean United States v. Brig Burdett…

But it is insisted, if the whole of the correspondence were produced; it would be inadmissible, because Carrera is no party in the case.
The confessions of an agent are not evidence to bind his principal; nor is his subsequent account of a transaction to his principal, evidence. But his acts, within the scope of his powers, are obligatory upon his principal, and those acts may be proved in the same manner as if done by the principal. The agent, acting within his authority, is substituted for the principal in every respect
Source: Wikisource

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