Mary Bateson

“ LIULF or LIGULF (d. 1080) , Anglo-Saxon nobleman, was the friend of Walcher, bishop of Durham. Nothing is known of his parentage, but he claimed large possessions in many parts of England by hereditary right (Flor. Wig. s.a. 1080) . He married Ealdgyth, a daughter of Ealdred, earl of Northumbria. ”

“ William of Malmesbury in all probability had no sure authority for connecting Lucius with Glastonbury. By the fourteenth century a letter to Lucius from Eleutherus had been forged (Spelman, Concilia, i. 31) , and by the seventeenth century a gold coin, now in the British Museum, and a silver coin, purporting to have been issued from Lucius's mint, had also been manufactured (Ussher, Brit. Eccl. Ant. v. cc. iii. sq.) After the twelfth century Lucius appears frequently as a benefactor to the church, and later still to the university of Cambridge. ”

“ But his retreat soon became known, and his hermitage grew into a monastery for sixty-two monks. He subjected himself to a rigorous fast, ate only after sunset on ordinary days, and nothing at all on Wednesdays and Fridays. He would eat nothing but barley-bread and pulse, adding a little fish on Sundays and festivals. For six months before his death he lived continuously in the church. ”

“ Maglorius was placed at the head of one of Sampson's religious communities near Dol, and by him was ordained priest and subsequently bishop. On the death or retirement of Sampson, the date of which it is impossible to fix, the care of the monastery fell upon Maglorius, probably as episcopal abbot (Haddan and Stubbs, Councils, ii. 76, note a) . He was now nearly seventy, and was eager to retire to the solitude he had been taught in Wales to regard as the fit conclusion to a saintly life. At the end of three years he left Dol in the charge of a monk, Budoc, and retired to Jersey. ”

“ On the whole, the lives must be rejected as untrustworthy where they are unsupported from other sources, and on this ground the arguments of the Bollandists in favour of 602 as the year of St. Lugid's death cannot be accepted. The choice lies between 605 (Annals of Kingdom of Ireland) , 608 (Annals of Ulster) , and 609 (Tigernach, Annals, and Chron. Scot.) All agree in giving 4 Aug. as the day of his death. In one of the marginal notes to ‘Félire’ (p. xl) , an apocryphal story is told of the announcement of his death to Moelanfaid, abbot of Darinis. ”

“ To avoid the risk of starvation he opened a school, and began to teach philosophy and dialectics. But Aldhelm was not remarkable for his attainments in either subject, and this curriculum was probably suggested to William of Malmesbury by his own educational experiences. More probably reading of the holy scriptures, arithmetic, astronomy, Latin, and Greek were the school subjects—in these Aldhelm claimed proficiency (ib. pp. 32 sq.) Mailduf's school must have attained a certain celebrity to secure such a pupil as Aldhelm, who very probably was of royal birth. ”

“ LUGID or MOLUA, Saint (554?–608?) , first abbot of Clonfertmulloe, alias Kyle, in Queen's County, was born, according to the ‘Chronicon Scotorum,’ in 554. Other variants of his name are Lua, Luaid, Luanus, Lugdach, Lugdaigh, Lughaidh, Lugidus, Lugeth, and Moluanus. His father was named Coche, according both to a life of St. Mochoemog (Pulcherius) , which, though not contemporary, is, on the whole, trustworthy (Fleming, Coll. p. 380, cap. xi.) ”

“ WILLIAM of Ware, or WILLIAM WARRE, Guaro, or Varron (fl. 1300?) , philosopher, born at Ware in Hertfordshire, entered the Franciscan order in his youth. He was S.T.P. of Paris, and spent most of his life there. ”

“ He became a Carmelite of Stamford, and took the degree of doctor of theology at Oxford. On the death of Henry de Hanna, in 1300, he succeeded him as provincial of the order; and in 1303 when Gerard of Bologna arranged the division of England into two provinces at the council of Narbonne in 1303, he opposed it. He was excommunicated, and subjected to a four years' penance, which he spent in teaching at Paris. In 1309 he was made provincial of the Holy Land and Cyprus at the council of Genoa. ”

“ PECTWIN (d. 776) , bishop of Candida Casa or Whitherne, whose name was also given as Pectwin, Pehtwin, Pechtwin, Phechtwin, Hehtwin, and Witwin, was consecrated by Archbishop Egbert in the district called Ælfetee or Ælfete on 17 July 763. ”

“ Livinus's remains to Ghent in 1007. In the eleventh century legend respecting him was abundant. The account supplied by the Brussels version of Usuard agrees with that in the eleventh-century life of St. Florbert (Vande Putte, Annales S. Petri, Blandin, pp. 26, 45) . According to these late authorities Livinus was of Scottish or Irish race, an archbishop of Ireland, who came to Ghent in 633 with three disciples, was kindly received by Florbert, and after preaching in Brabant was martyred at the village of Escha, 12 Nov., and was buried at Hauthem. ”

“ The lectures covered the whole field of classical Latin, with questions on parsing, scansion, and construction. There was daily practice in Latin prose and verse composition in imitation of classical models, and frequent discussion among the pupils on set subjects, with a view to the acquisition of fluency and elegant diction (Rashdall, Univ. of Europe, i. 65) . ”

“ The writer of the ‘Gesta’ states that he gathered facts from men who were living in Hereward's time, and if this were so he must have lived in the first half of the twelfth century. The English work of Leofric the deacon, Hereward's chaplain (presbyter) at Bourne (Brun) , was his chief source, and he says Leofric was fond of collecting for the edification of his hearers all the acts of giants and warriors out of the fables of the ancients, or from faithful report, and of committing these to writing. Leofric was one of Hereward's chosen followers, and, although a monk, he was skilled in arms. ”

“ He studied also under Theodore of Canterbury, and journeyed to Rome; on his return he preached to the Huiccii in Worcestershire, and led an exemplary life. He was chosen bishop by unanimous consent, and was consecrated by Wilfrid at the command of King, Æthelred of Mercia in 692 (Stubbs, Registr. Sacr. Angl.; not 691, as in Flor. Wig.) His signature is appended to a genuine charter of 692, by which Æthelred granted him the village of Hanbury in Worcestershire (Kemble, Codex Dipl. No. 32) . ”

“ When a famine threatened to destroy the monastery, it was proposed that the sixty-two should go out in couples to Ireland and Wales, to seek for a subsistence, but this idea Maglorius rejected as destructive of discipline. Their necessities were soon afterwards relieved, and his devotion was thus rewarded. He is said to have been about eighty years of age when he died on 24 Oct. 575. His body was removed to the priory of Lehon in the diocese of St. Malo, near Dinan, in 857, and thence his relics were removed with those of Sampson to Paris in the tenth century, for fear of the Northmen. St. ”

“ Much influenced by Wiclif's ‘De Realibus Universalibus,’ he began to preach against his order. One of his sermons, in the church of St. Christopher, London, was interrupted by twelve friars of his house, and a riot ensued, which was quelled by the sheriffs and one of the friars. His followers recommended him to put his charges in writing. He did so, and nailed them to the door of St. Paul's Cathedral. He charged the friars with treachery to the king and country, and with gross immorality. ”

“ The Bollandists, in a learned ‘Commentarius prævius’ (Acta SS. Oct. x. 24, p. 772) , justly consider the criticism too severe; much of the biographer's professedly historical matter can be supported from Welsh sources. ”

“ Bale claimed Livinus as the author of an epitaph on St. Bavo (Script. Illustr. 1557, Basle, ii. 190) . It and the epistle were first printed by Ussher (Sylloge, p. 19) , who does not say whence he obtained them. ”

“ Maedhog (Aidan) , bishop of Ferns (Colgan, i. 213, cap. xx.) , which is possibly based on a life by a contemporary (Todd, St. Patrick, p. 116, quoting Colgan) . In the martyrologies he is entered as Lughaidh Mac hUi-Oiche (O'Donovan, Annals of Kingdom of Ireland, s.a. 605) , as Mac Ochei (Martyrology of Tallaght, tenth century, edit. Kelly, 4 Aug.) ”

“ Dempster ascribes to him letters to Acca [q. v.] , bishop of Hexham, who, according to Richard of Hexham, had some share in the creation of the Whitherne see (Haddan and Stubbs, Councils, ii. 7) .
[Jaffé's Monumenta Moguntiniana, Ep. 29; Bede's Ecclesiastical Hist. v. 13, 18, 23; Dempster's Hist. Eccles. Gent. Scot. xv. 1026; see art. Plechelm.] ”

“ It has been suggested by Lord Selborne that he compiled the MS. 265 at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, called the Worcester MS., to which a later hand has prefixed the title 'Liber penitentialis Egberti' (Nasmith, Catalogue Librorum, p. 310) . ”

“ This Douai manuscript, all of which deals with Waltheof's life or death, has been analysed by Dr. Liebermann (Ostenglische Geschichtsquellen) , who positively ascribes to William two of the pieces in it, and thinks the rest may also be by him, except the ‘Miracula Waldevi.’ A work, ‘De Vita et Moribus Philosophorum,’ addressed by one William to a friend named Guthlac, was seen by Leland in the library of St. Paul's (Collect. iii. 47, and Dugdale's St. Paul's, p. 283) , and has also been ascribed to William of Ramsey. Dr. ”

“ ORDGAR or ORGAR (d. 971) ealdorman of Devon, was the son of an ealdorman, and was a landowner in every village from Exeter to Frome. He married an unknown lady of royal birth, by whom he had a daughter Ælfthryth [q. v.] When King Eadgar sent a messenger to woo Ælfthryth, he found her and her father, whom she completely controlled, playing at chess, which they had learned from the Danes (Gaimar, ll. 3605-3725) . Between 965 and 908 his signature as 'Ordgar dux' occurs in many charters Kemble, Codex Dipl. Nos. ”

“ Bale possessed copies of works by him on the history of the Carmelites, which are lost. Bale ascribes to him also an ‘Elucidarium Fidei,’ which occurs in many manuscripts (e.g. Bodl. MSS. Laud 22 E 44, E 90, and L 47) , and has been printed as the work of Anselm. ”

“ Boston of Bury (Tanner, p. xl) calls him a doctor of theology, and names his ‘Commentary on the Song of Songs,’ ‘Homilies,’ ‘Distinctions,’ and ‘Euphrastica.’ These works were seen at Ramsey by Leland (Comm. de Script. Brit. p. 263) , but the last alone is now known, in the Bodleian MS. Super A i. art. ”

“ According to this story he came as a hermit to live near the castle at Bladon or Bladow, called in Saxon Ingelborne Castle, built by Dunwallo Mulmutius not far from the royal residence of Brokenborough, Wiltshire. ”

“ He was a man of learning and piety (Anglo-Saxon Chron. sub anno) .
[The lives of Oswald by Senatus and Eadmer in Historians of the Church of York, ii. 13, 14, 71 (Rolls Ser.) ; Oswald's life in the Hist. Rames. (Rolls Ser) . pp. 24-5; Ordericus Vitalis, ed. Le Prevost, ii. 282; the best modern life is in Raine and Dixon's Lives of the Archbishops of York.] ”

“ Oswald at Ramsey, well acquainted with the Christian poets and with the historians of Fleury, who writes like a foreigner, and shows considerable knowledge of the world (ib. p. lxvi) . All this points to Oswald as the author ”

“ He was consecrated in the king's court, probably in 512 (Haddan and Stubbs, ii. 74) . He continued to make converts and to build monasteries in Brittany, where many places still bear the prefix Lampaul. ”

“ Usher (Brit. Eccles. Antiq. p. 80) conjectures that William may be identified with William Martell the sacrist, who vainly tried to succeed to the abbacy on Simon's death (Gesta S. Albani, pp. 195, 199) . ”

“ Brit. No. 151) . Gilbert Foliot [q. v.] , writing as abbot of Gloucester to his ‘dear son’ Osbern, directed him to manage a house in Wales, probably a cell of Gloucester (Migne, Patrologia, p. 190, col. 767) . His writings are contained in the Latin MS. Bibl. Reg. 6 Dix., a folio of three hundred pages: (1) folios 1–72a consist of dialogues between Osbern and a monk Nicolas on the Pentateuch; (2) on folio 73a begins a treatise, in six chapters, on the Book of Judges, dedicated to Gilbert Foliot, bishop of Hereford, 1148–1163, whose corrections Osbern desires ”

“ Ward's Cat. of Romances, ii. 592; Mussafia's Studien zu mittelalterlichen Marienlegenden in Kaiserliche Academie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsbericht (Phil. Hist. Classe) , bd. cxiii. Heft 2, p. 917, and Bd. ”