Melville Fuller

“ If, by virtue of the subject-matter, a case comes within the judicial power of the United States, it does not follow that it comes within the original jurisdiction of this court. That jurisdiction does not obtain simply because a state is a party. Suits between a state and its own citizens are not included within it by the constitution, nor are controversies between citizens of different states. ”

“ And if the proceedings which purported to vest title in the Oakland Water-Front Company were held ineffectual, for the same reason, then the latter company would find the foundation of its title swept away in a suit to which it also was not a party.
This is not an action of ejectment, or of trespass quare clausum, but a bill in equity; and the familiar rule in equity, as we have seen, is the doing of complete justice by deciding upon and settling the rights of all persons materially interested in the subject of the suit, to which end such persons should be made parties. ”

“ Persons who not only have an interest in the controversy, but an interest of such a nature that a final decree cannot be made without either affecting that interest, or leaving the controversy in such a condition that its final termination may be wholly inconsistent with equity and good conscience.' Reference is made to the act of congress of February 28, 1839 (5 Stat. 321, c. 36) , and the forty-seventh rule of equity practice. ”