Peter Kropotkin

“ The western portion of Kotelnyi is built up of Middle Devonian limestones and slates, folded the same way, of which the fossil fauna is similar to that of the Urals. Triassic slates appear in the south-east. Diabases pierce to Devonian rocks, and olivine rocks appear as dykes amidst the Triassic deposits. The Malakatyntras is also made up of volcanic rocks. The eastern portion of the island, named Bunge’s Land, is thickly covered with Post-Tertiary deposits. Thaddeus Island has a long promontory, Anjou, protruding north-westwards. New Siberia Island attains altitudes of 200 to 300 ft. ”

“ Baron Toll in Memoirs (Zapiski) of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences, 7th series, vol. xxxvii. (1889) , xliii. (1895) , and 8th series, vol. ix. (1899) , with maps. J. Schmalhausen, “Tertiäre Pflanzen,” in same Memoirs, 7th series, vol. xxxvii. (1890) ”