“ A Scotch piper, with distended cheeks, vigorously blowing his pipe, utmost determination of purpose shown in his features, appears as Knave of Hearts; an officious and splendid functionary, obviously gendarme, is the Knave of Spades; a yellow-bearded Swiss guide, with his rope over his shoulder, and clenching a spiked staff, is the Knave of Clubs; while Spain is represented by a keen-eyed and carefully-coifed matador as Knave of Diamonds. As a number of portraits, some of the cards are less successful than others. ”

“ In any ease it will be seen that the present allotment of great personages is free from any little harmless personalities which the connecting of hearts with one, diamonds with another, and so on might have suggested. ”

“ Chess is of Oriental origin. The game of the four kings, or Chaturagi or Charter Nawaub, is similar to chess. The employment of the four kings with other minor elements of this game suggests cards; and it may be a question if the word "card" be not in its technical sense derived from chartur—the Hindoo word for four. In its ordinary sense its etymology from carta or charta is obvious. But there are other considerations which to a great degree may be held to support the theory of the Hindoo etymology. The Italian name for playing cards is naibi and the Spanish naypes—both words from one source. ”