Thomas Davidson

“ Ruffle, ruf′l, v.t. to make like a ruff, to wrinkle: to form into plaits: to form with ruffles: to disorder: to agitate.—v.i. to grow rough: to flutter.—n. annoyance: a quarrel: a plaited article of dress: a tumult: agitation.—adj. Ruff′led.—ns. Ruff′lement; Ruff′ler, a machine for making ruffles; Ruff′ling, ruffles generally.—Ruffle one's feathers, to make one angry. ”

“ Rout, rowt, n. the defeat of an army or body of troops: the disorder of troops defeated: a pack of wolves.—v.i. to assemble together.—v.t. to put to disorderly flight: to defeat and throw into confusion: to conquer: to drag out, or into the light.—Put to rout, to put to flight. [O. Fr. route—L. ruptus, rupta, pa.p. of rumpĕre, to break.]
Rout, rowt, v.i. to roar like a cow: to snore: to howl like the wind. [A.S. hrútan, to roar.]
Rout, rowt, v.t. to root up, as a pig: to scoop out.—v.i. to poke about—also Wrout.—n. Rout′er, a sash-plane, as Rout′er-gauge, for inlaid work.—v.t. ”

“ Ru′ling-machine′, a machine used by engravers for ruling in flat tints: a machine for ruling parallel coloured lines upon writing-paper; Ru′ling-pen, a form of pen for drawing lines of even thickness; Slid′ing-rule, a rule having one or more scales which slide over others for the purpose of facilitating calculations.—Rule of faith, not the sum of the Christian faith as laid down in creeds and confessions, but, in polemical theology, the sources whence the doctrines of the faith are to be authoritatively derived—the Scriptures, the tradition of the Church, the teaching of the Fathers, &c. ”

“ Run′ner, one who, or that which, runs: a racer: a messenger, agent, one employed to solicit patronage: a rooting stem that runs along the ground: a rope to increase the power of a tackle: a deserter: a smuggler: a manager of an engine: a Bow Street officer: in saddlery, a loop of metal through which a rein is passed: that on which anything slides: in moulding, a channel cut in a mould: the rotating-stone of a grinding-mill: the movable piece to which the ribs of an umbrella are attached: a tool in which lenses are fastened for polishing: a vessel for conveying fish, oysters, &c.—adj. ”

“ Run together, to mingle or blend; Run to seed, to shoot up too rapidly, to become exhausted, to go to waste; Run up, to make or mend hastily: to build hurriedly: to string up, hang.—In the long-run, in the end or final result ”

“ Rudd′y-rudd′er, the long-eared sun-fish. [A.S. rudig, rudi—rudu, redness—reád, red.]
Rude, rōōd (comp. Ru′der, superl. Ru′dest) , adj. crude: uncultivated: barbarous: rough: harsh: ignorant: uncivil: not smoothed: of low rank: mean: savage: brutal: ferocious: ill-bred: boorish: stormy: robust: not in good taste.—adj. Rude′-grow′ing, rough: wild.—adv. ”

“ Run′ning, kept for the race: successive: continuous: flowing: easy: cursive: discharging matter.—prep. (coll.) approaching or about.—n. act of moving swiftly: that which runs or flows, the quantity run: a discharge from a wound: the act of one who risks dangers, as in running a blockade: strength to run: the ranging of any animal.—n. Run′ning-block, a block in an arrangement of pulleys.—n.pl. Run′ning-days, the days occupied on a voyage, &c., under a charter, including Sundays.—ns. Run′ning-fight, a fight kept up between one party that flees and another that pursues ”

“ Run away with, to carry away in uncontrollable fright: to carry off in fleeing; Run down, to chase to exhaustion: to run against and sink, as a ship: to overbear, to crush; Run down a coast, to sail along it; Run hard, to press hard behind in a race or other competition ”

“ Rudd′er-fish, the pilot-fish: the amber-fish: the barrel-fish.—adj. Rudd′erless, having no rudder.—ns. Rudd′er-post, the shank of a rudder, having the blade at one end and the attachments at the other; Rudd′er-stock, the blade of the rudder, connected by hinges with the sternpost of a vessel; Rudd′er-trunk, a casing of wood fitted into the post, through which the rudder-stock is inserted; Rudd′er-wheel, a small wheel at the end of a plough helping to guide it. [A.S. róther; Ger. ruder, an oar.]
Rudder, rud′ėr, n. a riddle or sieve.—v.t. Rudd′le, to sift together: to mix, as through a sieve. ”

“ Rubber, rub′ėr, n. one who rubs down horses: one who practises massage: a coarse towel for rubbing the body: a piece of caoutchouc for erasing pencil-marks, india-rubber: a brush for erasing marks of chalk: the cushion of an electric machine: a whetstone, a file: an emery-cloth: an overshoe: a rub, as 'One who plays with bowls must expect to meet with rubbers': a contest of three games, as at whist—also the deciding game in such a series.—adj. made of caoutchouc or india-rubber.—ns. ”

“ In the running, or Out of the running, competing, or not competing, in a contest, with good hopes of success in a candidature, &c., or the opposite; Make good one's running, to keep abreast with others ”

“ Rubescent, rōō-bes′ent, adj. tending to a red colour.—n. Rubes′cence, a growing or becoming red: tendency to redness. [L. rubescĕre, to grow red—ruber, red.]
Rubia, rōō′bi-a, n. a genus of gamopetalous plants, including the madder.—n. ”

“ Rubb′ing, an application of friction: a copy of an inscribed surface produced by rubbing heel-ball or plumbago upon paper laid over it.—ns. Rubb′ing-machine′, a machine used in linen bleaching; Rubb′ing-post, a stone or wooden post set up for cattle to rub themselves against; Rubb′ing-stone, a gritstone for erasing the marks on a stone.
Rubbish, rub′ish, n. waste matter: the fragments of ruinous buildings: any mingled mass: nonsense: trash: trumpery: litter.—n. ”

“ Round′ing, in bookbinding, the shaping the folded and sewed sheets into a convex form at the back; Round′ing-machine′, various machines for producing round forms, as a machine for sawing out circular heads for casks; Round′ing-plane, a woodworking tool for rounding the handles of rakes, &c.; Round′ing-tool, an instrument used in forging for rounding a rod: a kind of draw-plate in saddlery for shaping round leather straps ”

“ Rout′er-plane, a plane for the bottoms of rectangular cavities; Rout′er-saw; Rout′ing-machine′, a shaping-machine for wood, metal, or stone. [Root.]
Rout, rowt, n. the brent goose. [Ice. hrota.]
Route, rōōt, n. a course to be traversed: a line of march: road: track.—n. Route′-step, an order of march in which soldiers are not required to keep step.—Star route, in the United States, a post route by means other than steam, the blank contracts for which have three groups of four stars. ”

“ Rub′stone, a whetstone: a coarse-grained sandstone used for sharpening instruments.—Rubbed work, work in stone smoothed by rubbing with gritstone; Rub down, to rub from top to bottom; Rub in, to force into the pores of by friction: to reiterate or emphasise; Rub out, to erase; Rub the wrong way, to irritate by opposition ”

“ Rule′-case (print.) , a tray with partitions for rules; Rule′-cut′ter (print.) , a machine for cutting brass rules into short lengths; Rule′-drill′er, a teacher who teaches by rote; Rule′-joint, a pivoted joint used by surveyors, &c.—adj. Rule′less, lawless.—ns. Rule′lessness; Rule′-mong′er, a stickler for rules; Ru′ler, a sovereign: a governor: an instrument used in drawing lines: in engraving, a straight steel bar employed in engraving the lines; Ru′lership; Rule′-work (print.) , work with many rules, as tables of figures, &c.—adj. ”

“ Reeve: a band of long hair growing round the neck of some dogs: (mach.) an annular ridge formed on a shaft to prevent motion endwise: a breed of domestic pigeons: (obs.) a display.—v.t. to pucker: to draw up in folds: to ruffle, disorder: in falconry, to hit without trussing: (Scot.) to applaud by making noise with hands or feet.—adj. Ruffed, having a ruff, as the ruffed grouse. [Prob. ruffle.]
Ruff, ruf, n. an old game at cards: the act of trumping when the player has no cards of the suit left.—v.t. to trump in this way. ”

“ Rule of the road, the regulations to be observed in the movements of conveyances either on land or at sea—thus in England drivers, riders, and cyclists take the left side in meeting, and the right in passing ”

“ Rough′-work, to work over hastily without attention to execution in detail—also n.—Rough and ready, rough in manner but prompt in action; Rough and tumble, said of fighting in any style or by any means: indiscriminate, confused, not too particular about decorum, fairness, &c.; Rough diamond (see Diamond) ; Rough it, to take what comes.—Cut up rough, to become quarrelsome or violent ”

“ Row′el-head, the axis on which a rowel turns; Row′eling-need′le, a needle used for inserting a rowel or seton; Row′eling-scis′sors, a farrier's instrument for inserting rowels; Row′el-spur, a spur having several radiating points. [Fr. rouelle—Low L. rotella, dim. of L. rota, a wheel.]
Rowen, row′en, n. the aftermath, or second crop of hay: (prov.) a stubble-field.
Rowlock, rō′lok, or rul′uk, n. a contrivance on the wale of a boat, to rest the oar in rowing.—Also Roll′ock, Rull′ock. [Prob. A.S. árlóc.] ”

“ Rustic′ity, rustic manner: simplicity: rudeness; Rustic′ola, the European woodcock; Rus′tic-ware, a terra-cotta of a light-brown paste, having a brown glaze; Rus′tic-work, various stonework, as frosted work, punctured work, &c.: in woodwork, summer-houses, &c. [Fr. rustique—L. rusticus—rus, the country.]
Rustle, rus′l, v.i. to make a soft, whispering sound, as silk, straw, &c.: (U.S.) to stir about.—n. a quick succession of small sounds, as that of dry leaves: a rustling, a movement with rustling sound.—ns. Rus′tler, one who, or that which, rustles: (U.S.) an active fellow ”

“ Royal cashmere, a thin material of pure wool; Royal fern (Osmunda regalis) , the most striking of British ferns; Royal horned caterpillar, a large bombycid moth of the United States; Royal household, the body of persons in the service of the sovereign.—The Royals, a name formerly given to the first regiment of foot in the British army. [Fr.,—L. regalis, regal.]
Royena, roi′e-na, n. a genus of gamopetalous plants of the ebony family. [From the 18th-century Dutch botanist Adrian van Royen.] ”

“ Round′-worm, one of a class of worms (Nematoda) in which the body is elongated and more or less cylindrical, most of them parasitic—opposed to the flatworms or Plathelminthes, such as tapeworms and flukes.—Round about, in an opposite direction: an emphatic form of round ”

“ Rō′ver, one who roves: a robber or pirate: a wanderer: an inconstant person: in archery, a person shooting with a long bow and arrow: an arrow used by a rover: an irregular point to be aimed at: in croquet, a ball that has gone through all the hoops ”

“ Russ′el-cord, a kind of rep made of cotton and wool. [O. Fr. roussel—L. russus, red.]
Russet, rus′et, adj. rusty or reddish-brown: coarse: rustic: of russet-leather.—n. a coarse homespun dress.—ns. Russ′eting, an apple of a russet colour and rough skin; Russ′et-leath′er.—adj. Russ′ety. [O. Fr. rousset—L. russus, red.]
Russian, rush′yan, adj. relating to Russia, a country of Europe, or to its people.—n. a native of Russia: the Russian language.—adj. Russ, belonging to the Russians.—n. a Russian: the Russian language.—v.t. Russ′ianise, to give Russian characteristics to.—n. ”

“ Rubb′er-cloth, a fabric coated with caoutchouc; Rubb′er-dam, a sheet of caoutchouc used by dentists to keep saliva out of a tooth while being filled; Rubb′er-gauge, a device for measuring the amount of india-rubber needed to make a given article; Rubb′er-mould, a vulcanite mould used by dentists in shaping the plates for artificial teeth; Rubb′er-mount′ing, in saddlery, harness-mounting with vulcanite in imitation of leather-work.—n.pl. Rubb′ers, a disease in sheep, with great heat and itchiness.—ns. ”

“ Ruellia, rōō-el′i-a, n. a genus of gamopetalous plants, tropical and American—the manyroot, spiritleaf, Christmas-pride of Jamaica, &c. [From the 16th-century French botanist, Jean Ruel.]
Rufescence, rōō-fes′ens, n. reddishness.—adj. Rufes′cent. [L. rufescĕre, to grow reddish—rufus, red.]
Ruff, ruf, n. an ornament of frills formerly worn round the neck: anything plaited: a bird belonging to the sandpiper sub-family of the Snipe family, the male with an erectile ruff during the breeding season—fem. ”