George Massee

Name: European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae
Author: George Massee

Summary

“European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae”, is a work by George Massee. It explores elements such as fibrillose, disc and apex.

Quotes from European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae (George Massee)

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ Pileus hygrophanous, at first glabrous or with whitish superficial fibrils. Flesh entirely thin or the margin abruptly so, splitting. Universal veil peronate, or forming a ring low down on the stem, apex somewhat cortinate, hence the veil is double. p. 191.
VI. Hydrocybe. Pileus glabrous or covered with superficial white fibrils, not viscid but moist when growing, losing the deep colour and becoming pale when dry, flesh very thin, splitting, disc rarely thicker. Stem rather rigid, not peronate; veil thin, fibrillose, rarely collapsing and forming an irregular zone round the stem. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ Smell like cucumber. P. exp. depr. dry, silky, squamulose at centre, rather viscid when moist, brick-red, edge incurved then spreading; g. broad, pale or tinged red; s. stout, narrowed at base, fibrillose and reddish up to ring, white above; flesh white, reddish when broken. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ Nature.—"We have no hesitation in recommending it as the elementary handbook for the agricultural student. The chapters on weeds and on diseases of farm-plants are distinctly better than those in any previous English works dealing with agricultural botany." ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ In all large genera common to European countries, the continental species can be sandwiched between British species. Even in large genera there are as a rule not more than eight or ten primary differentiating specific characters present, and it is the constant correlation of two or three of those primary characters that constitute a species, as understood at the present day. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ P. convexo-plane, edge angularly bent down, even, glabrous, dry, yellowish-tan, tinged tawny when dry; g. subadnate, broad, thin, white, yellowish when dry; s. hollow, fibrous, flexuous, glabrous, white, apex thickened and rather pruinose; sp. 6-7 × 3-4.
nudipes, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. even, almost glabrous, slightly viscid, tan then pale, edge thin; g. crowded, dry; s. 4-6 cm. solid, equal, pelliculose, glabrous, naked, shining white, base fibrillose ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ Marasmius. Tough, drying up and reviving when moistened; gills often connected by veins.
+++ Gills decurrent.
Lactarius. Gills and flesh exuding milk when broken. (In some sp. the gills are adnate.)
Hygrophorus. Gills thick at the base, edge acute, rather waxy, often branched; pileus often hygrophanous. (In some sp. the gills are adnate or even free.)
Clitocybe. Gills thin, pliant, sometimes powdered with the spores; stem fibrous outside.
Omphalia. Gills thin, pliant, stem cartilaginous outside.
Pleurotus. Growing on wood. Stem lateral or excentric when present. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ Flesh turning blood-red when bruised.
leucocephala, Boud. P. white, convex, entirely covered with erect scales; g. free, broad, fawn; s. short, white, coarsely fibrillose throughout; sp. rough, 9-11 × 6-8.
B. Laceri. Pileus torn into scales or fibrils (not cracking) ; stem coloured, paler than pileus, fibrillose.
pyriodora, Pers. Smell pleasant. P. 4-7 cm. umb. adpressedly fibroso-scaly, fuscous ochre then pale; g. emarginate, rather distant; s. 6-10 cm. solid, equal, fibrillose, pale, apex pruinose; sp. 10 × 6. Flesh with red tinge. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ Flesh usually bored by larvae.
impennis, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. fleshy, convex, obtuse, rigid, glabrous, somewhat brick-red then pale; g. thick, distant, violet, purplish, then cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. rather bulbous, pallid, imperfect ring and apex violet, whitish cortinate, solid; sp. 10-11 × 7.
lucorum, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. even bay brick-red when moist; g. emarginate, cinnamon with a fugacious tinge of flesh-colour violet; s. 4-5 cm. clavate, very fibrillose, one colour, becoming pale; sp. 10 × 5.
plumiger, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. conico-campan. gibbous, brownish-olive, densely covered with white feathery flecks; g. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ P. convex-exp. obtuse, moist, even, hygr. pale rusty, flocculose and rimosely squamulose when dry; g. adnate, gilvous, edge whitish; s. fibrillosely cortinate, pallid; sp. 10 long.
IV. Sapinei. Pileus hardly pelliculose (flesh cracking or torn into squamules towards disc) , not viscid. Veil adpressedly fibrillose to the stem, not appendiculato-cortinate, almost none, or forming a zone on stem. Known more especially by yellowish or tawny yellow gills and ochre or tawny spores. Subcaespitose, always growing on pines or on pine branches etc. on the ground. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ P. thin convexo-plane, diaphanous, ochre, at length greyish olive and covered with shining crystalline grains; g. yellowish; s. incurved, mealy.
echinospora, W. G. S. P. at first rather scurfy, moist, hygr. citrin, greenish marginate then pallid, edge slightly striate; g. citrin; s. reddish-brown, white squamulose; sp. rough, 7 × 6.
GALERA, Fr.
I. Conocephali. Pileus conico-campanulate, hygr. almost even, atomate when dry; stem straight, gills somewhat crowded, ascending. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ Differs from H. coccineus in adnexed g. and striate stem with white base.
Var. nigrescens, Q. Becoming blackish everywhere. P. orange, virgate, then grey and silky; s. striate, yellow, apex red.
obrusseus, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. conico-convex, wavy, golden yellow, shining; g. adnato-ventricose, thick, distant; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, subcompressed, glabrous, even, yellow, base tawny; sp. 10-12 × 7.
Tawny base of stem not always evident. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ Whole fungus except gills creamy white.
xerampelina, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. compact, exp. then depr., dry, rosy purple sometimes tinged olive, disc paler, cracked into granules, flesh tinged yellow; g. forked, white then ochre; s. 4-7 cm. clavate, white, more or less tinged red; sp. 8-10 × 6-7.
Differs from R. integra by narrow gills not powdered with the spores.
nauseosa, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3-4 cm. viscid, plane then depr., purple or lilac, disc darker, coarsely striate; g. rather distant, ochre; s. 2-3 cm. slightly striate, white; sp. 8-9. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ P. campan. striate to vertex, whitish, apex darker, edge lobed; g. crowded, unequal; s. hollow, paler than p., flocculose, ring complete, membranous.
PLUTEUS, Fr.
* Cuticle of pileus fibrillose or floccose.
cervinus, Schaeff. P. 4-9 cm. campan. exp. even, glabrous, then broken up into fibrillose squamules which fall away, smoky with a yellowish or fawn-coloured tinge; g. white then flesh-colour; s. [Pg 121] 5-9 cm. solid, whitish with black fibrils; sp. 7-8 × 5-6; cystidia ventricose.
var. rigens, Pers. P. grey, blackish, virgate or squamulose; s. glabrous, somewhat shining. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ Flesh of stem distinct from that of pileus; gills free and remote from the stem; spores hyaline; ring and volva absent.
This genus follows Lepiota, from which it differs in the absence of a ring.
Schulzeria squamigera, Schulz. and Bres. P. about 2 cm. rather fleshy, convex then exp. dry, umber at first then whitish, surface broken up into fibrous brownish-umber scales; g. crowded, subventricose, white, free, somewhat remote from stem, 3 mm. broad; s. equal, whitish, with lax umber scales which soon disappear; flesh white, compact; sp. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ P. 3-7 cm. convexo-plane, scaly, edge incurved; g. decur. pallid then reddish-brown; s. 5 cm. whitish then brownish, ring persistent.
A species about which little is known.
aeruginosa, Curt. P. 4-7 cm. convex then exp. subumb. or quite plane, at first with bluish-green mucus and sometimes with white squamules, then yellowish; g. adnate, purplish; s. 5-6 cm. viscid, squamulose below ring, tinged green, often quite glabrous; sp. 10 × 5.
Very variable within certain limits. Often stout and deep coloured in shady woods. Slender and soon dry in open pastures. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ M. rugosa differs from present sp. in having grey gills and rugulose pileus.
[simillima, Karsten. P. conico-campan. even, dry, glabrous, livid or dingy pallid; g. emarginato-decur. crowded, white, very slightly tinged rose; s. fragile, polished, even, glabrous, base curved, rooting; sp. ——.
Very near to Mycena galericulata, differing in being fragile and in becoming pale.
polygramma, Bull. P. 3-7 cm. conic camp. subumb. dry, striate, dark grey or blackish-blue when young; g. pale pinkish-grey [Pg 41] tinge; s. 7-12 cm. rigid, tough, shining, longitudinally striate, strigosely rooting, grey ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ P. convexo-plane, subumb. grey, silky-shining when dry; g. tinged flesh-colour; s. glabrous, white, base incurved, downy; sp. 7-8 × 5.
sarnicus, Mass. P. 2-3 cm. becoming plane, subumbonate, grey, silky; g. plane then suddenly decurrent near the stem, reddish; s. 2-3 cm. flexuous, white, smooth ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ I. Phlegmacium. Partial veil cobwebby. Pileus equally fleshy, viscid; stem firm, dry. p. 177.
II. Myxacium. Universal veil glutinous, hence the pileus and scarcely bulbous stem are viscid. Pileus rather thin; gills adnate or decurrent. p. 183.
III. Inoloma. Pileus equally fleshy, dry, at first scaly, fibrillose or innately silky, not hygrophanous. Veil simple. Stem fleshy, subbulbous. p. 185.
IV. Dermocybe. Flesh of pileus thin, everywhere equal, at first downy or subinnately silky, but glabrous when adult, dry, not hygrophanous. p. 188. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ Entirely umber. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. exp. umb. hoary-fuscous when dry; g. adnate, broad, distant, entire; s. 7-11 cm. equal, slender, straight, veil forming a distant white zone; sp. ——.
var. curta, Fr. S. 2-3 cm. long, wavy, peronate with white veil, cingulate, umbo blackish.
punctatus, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. thin, conico-convex, glabrous, hoary-umber (tan) , at length even; g. adnate, very distant, entire, brownish-cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. slender, undulate, fibrillosely striate, brownish-yellow, a zone formed by the fugacious pale fuscous veil; sp. 7 × 4.
[Pg 195] ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ Bernardii, Q. Compact, white, tomentose under a lens. P. 10-20 cm. convex then exp. cracked into areolae, greyish-white; s. solid, stout, ovate, striate at the apex, ring membranous, striate above; g. free, greyish-pink then bay-brown; flesh white, becoming purplish then brownish when broken; sp. subgl. 8.
Foetid. Edible.
campestris, L. 6-12 cm. convex then plane, floccosely silky or fibrillose, whitish, flesh reddish-brown when cut; g. close to stem, subliquescent, fleshy then umber; s. stuffed, even, white, ring median, torn; sp. 7-8 × 5-6. Edible.
var. alba, Berk. P. rather silky white; s. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ P. 2-2.5 cm. persistently umbilicate glabrous, brown then greyish, becoming cracked; g. crowded; s. 2.5 cm. glabrous, brown; sp. 8 × 5.
B. Pileus even, glabrous, neither villose, scaly nor viscid.
V. Guttata. Pileus fleshy, soft, fragile, with drop-like markings; stem solid.
* Gills not discoloured.
gambosum, Fr. P. 6-12 cm. flesh thick, exp. and wavy, glabrous, spotted, pallid tan, margin incurved and downy at first; g. crowded, ventricose; s. 5-7 cm. stout, flocculose at apex, white; sp. 13-14 × 8-9. Edible. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ Syrjense, Karst. P. convex, exp. obtuse, dry, even, glabrous, brick-red; g. adnexed, crowded, pallid, edge crenulate; s. equal, wavy, twisted, white, white-flocculoso-pulverulent above, at length entirely umber; sp. 10-11 × 5-6.
Subcaespitose; stems cohering at base.
hiemale, Bres. (= H. crustuliniforme, var. minor, Cke.) P. exp.-gibbous or depr. viscid, glabrous, edge incurved and white flocculose at first, pallid tan, centre reddish tan; g. crowded, sinuate and almost free, edge white-floccose; s. whitish, apex with white scurf; sp. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ P. convex then irreg. densely papillosely-rivulose with innate flecks, tawny; g. crowded, yellow then cinnamon; s. thin, fibrillose, rather downy, fuscescent; sp. 6-7 × 3-4.
V. Sericelli. Cortinate, cuticle of pileus rather silky, dry or viscid at first. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ Smell strong. P. 1.5-2 cm. conico-exp. umb. naked, discoid, opaque, dark brown or greyish, striate at paler margin; g. adnate; s. even, glabrous, rooting, pallid, 4-5 cm.; sp. ——.
M. alcalina differs in tufted habit, viscid stem with yellow tinge of colour.
metata, Fr. Smell weak, alkaline, soft. P. obt. striate, hygr. grey—rarely yellowish or pinkish—even, opaque, and whitish when dry; g. adnate, not connected by veins, whitish; s. 4-7 cm. firm, even, glabrous, base fibrillose; sp. ——.
cinerea, Mass. and Crossl. Entirely grey, smell strong, like radishes. P. 1.5-2 cm. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ Smell strong, like meal. P. 2-3 cm. exp. greyish fawn when moist, livid and silky shining when dry; g. grey, emarginate; s. 2-3 cm. fistulose, fibrillose, paler than p.; sp. globose, rough, 7-8.
Differs from Nolanea pascua in mealy smell, and broad distant gills cut out behind. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ Densely clustered. P. unequal, even, edge thin, inflexed, somewhat pruinose, blackish fuscous; g. free; s. stems solid, ventricose, subtomentose, springing densely from a common tuber.
arcuatum, Bull. P. 5-8 cm. brownish white then tan, exp. margin incurved, glabrous, flesh-coloured; g. arcuate, crowded, white; s. 4-6 cm. solid, fibrilloso-squamulose, pale brown, base darker, bulbous; sp. ——.
Differs from T. panaeolum in having white gills, and from T. melaleucum in having coloured flesh. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ P. soon plane, even, dry, glabrous, livid grey, compact; g. yellow; s. solid, white.
saponaceum, Fr. Smell strong. P. exp. obtuse, dry, livid, tinged olive, glabrous then often squamulose or punctate, flesh reddish; g. pallid with greenish tinge; s. 5-10 cm. whitish, somewhat rooting; sp. 5 × 4.
var. atrovirens, P. thin, wavy, obscure green with crowded black squamules. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ P. campan.-convex, obtusely umb. glabrous, moist, edge striate, ochraceous tan, paler when dry, disc darker; g. crowded, yellowish cinnamon; s. wavy, adpressedly fibrillose, equal, umber.
triscopoda, Fr. P. 1 cm. conical then hemispher. then convexo-plane, umb. bay, ochre when dry; g. obscure rusty; s. 1-3 cm. filiform, glabrous, rusty, base umber; sp. 6-8 × 3-4.
B. Phaeoti. Pileus naked. Gills and spores brownish-rusty.
* Pediadei. Growing in fields and pastures. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ P. 5-9 cm. exp. plane, even, viscid, cinnamon or tawny or pallid and disc tawny and spotted with squamules; g. adnate, broad, tan; s. 5-12 cm. somewhat narrowed, fibrillose, whitish, apex striate; sp. 8 × 4.
lupina, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. and depr. even, viscid; g. adnato-decur. broad, pallid tan; s. 2-3 cm. short, firm, unequal, with rusty tinged adpressed fibrils, apex white; sp. 8 × 4.
There are two forms: A. Smell strong, pungent, p. fuscous then tan; s. becoming rusty. B. Milder, p. tawny; s. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ P. convexo-plane, obtuse, even, at length scaly, white; g. adnate, closely crowded, white; s. short, base thickened, white with blackish scales; sp. ——.
phyllophila, Fr. Whitish-tan. P. 3-7 cm. convexo-plane, umbil. not becoming pale, veil forming a silvery zone near margin; g. rather distant, white then pallid; silky-fibrous, tough, 5-8 cm.; sp. 6 × 4.
pithyophila, Fr. White. P. 3-7 cm. exp. umbil. glabrous, becoming shining white; g. crowded, permanently white; s. 4-5 cm. often compr. base downy ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ P. campan.-exp. glabrous, umber, pallid tan when dry; s. fistulose, equal, whitish, fibrillose, base with white down; sp. 6-7 × 3, cystidia ventricose-fusoid.
[pallens, Karst. P. convex, even, often rugulose when dry, atomate, naked, whitish when dry; g. subadnate, ascending, grey, edge rosy; s. equal, straight, naked, pallid; sp. 18-25 × 12-13; cystidia fusoid.
[Pg 223]
III. Fibrillosi. Pileus and stem floccose or fibrillose at first from the universal veil.
frustulenta, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. hemisph. obtuse, slightly striate, albo-floccose at edge, pallid brown, hygr.; g. adnate, cinnamon; s. ”

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Source: Gutenberg

George Massee, European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

“ P. exp. rather wavy, dry, flocculosely soft, ochraceous, edge even, naked, ochraceous; g. linear, transversely striate, whitish; s. solid, stout, fibrillose. Edible.
albellum, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. conical then exp. gibbous, whitish, pallid, greyish when dry, mottled with spots, margin naked; g. crowded, broadest in front; s. 3-5 cm. fibrillosely striate, solid, white; sp. 6-7 × 4.
boreale, Fr. P. 4-6 cm. irreg. subumb. glabrous, rivulose when dry, margin even, naked, flesh-colour becoming pale; g. crowded; s. 5-8 cm. solid, elastic, base narrowed, whitish ”

George Massee

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